Path to “Stardom” in Globally Distributed Hybrid Teams: An Examination of a Knowledge‐Centered Perspective using Social Network Analysis

Although distributed teams have been researched extensively in information systems and decision science disciplines, a review of the literature suggests that the dominant focus has been on understanding the factors affecting performance at the team level. There has however been an increasing recognition that specific individuals within such teams are often critical to the team's performance. Consequently, existing knowledge about such teams may be enhanced by examining the factors that affect the performance of individual team members. This study attempts to address this need by identifying individuals who emerge as “stars” in globally distributed teams involved in knowledge work such as information systems development (ISD). Specifically, the study takes a knowledge‐centered view in explaining which factors lead to “stardom” in such teams. Further, it adopts a social network approach consistent with the core principles of structural/relational analysis in developing and empirically validating the research model. Data from U.S.–Scandinavia self‐managed “hybrid” teams engaged in systems development were used to deductively test the proposed model. The overall study has several implications for group decision making: (i) the study focuses on stars within distributed teams, who play an important role in shaping group decision making, and emerge as a result of a negotiated/consensual decision making within egalitarian teams; (ii) an examination of emergent stars from the team members’ point of view reflects the collective acceptance and support dimension decision‐making contexts identified in prior literature; (iii) finally, the study suggests that the social network analysis technique using relational data can be a tool for a democratic decision‐making technique within groups.     

知识传统批判与后知识话语之可能

后知识话语的建构首先必须面对合法化与伦理诉求问题,而这一切又无不与作为知识主体的知识分子的知识立场密切相关。如何谋求语用修辞、话语合法化以及知识主体的伦理立场的有效运作,是后知识话语建构的必要途径,也是后知识话语摒弃知识传统而建构自我所不可回避的挑战。     

人口老龄化对企业出口国内增加值率的影响研究

中国经济正面临出口国内增加值率偏低和人口老龄化的双向挑战。基于2000~2013年中国微观企业数据,文章研究了人口老龄化对企业出口国内增加值率的影响。结果显示,人口老龄化会负向影响中国企业出口国内增加值率,且在克服内生性问题、进行多种稳健性检验后,这一结论依然成立。同时,这种负向影响主要是由进口中间品对国内中间品及劳动力的替代所导致的,而人口老龄化的成本效应对出口国内增加值率的不利影响相对较小,并且从贸易结构变动来看,人口老龄化并未通过降低企业从事加工贸易的比重,进而获得总体企业平均出口国内增加值率的“被动”提升。进一步研究还表明上述负向影响在混合贸易企业、劳动密集型企业、外资企业与人口净流出地区企业上体现得更为明显。     

当代西方知识社会批判思想评析

当代西方知识社会批判论主要从以下几方面对知识社会进行批判:（1）知识社会过快的变化速度使得社会变化的方向难以把握;（2）知识社会有可能导致社会的非群体化,阻隔了真实的人际交往;（3）知识社会中文化滞差的加大,给道德、价值观等精神领域方面带来新的问题;（4）知识社会以知识的拥有量决定阶层的划分,可能导致新的社会分化;（5）知识社会经济的非物质性特点会造成经济的内部空虚;（6）知识社会中知识与信息一体化将引起知识文化品质的降低;（7）知识社会中知识的产业化使知识受商品观念驱使,从而影响了知识自身的形象。这派理论基于结构主义观点,关注知识社会存在的负面效应并反思了知识进步与社会变迁的关系,有助于我们更全面地评价知识社会并在实践中兴利除弊。     

知识工作者的能力整合与企业效率

在21世纪,企业的附加价值将主要是由知识工作者而不是体力劳动者所创造,企业所面临的商业环境也具有更高的不可预测性和迅速变化性,如何提高知识工作者与企业的效率已成为一个亟待研究的重要课题。亚当·斯密的劳动分工理论和泰勒的科学管理实践有效地提高了体力劳动者的效率,但是由于体力劳动者和知识工作者在商业环境与能力基础等方面存在着显著的差异,在知识经济时代,只有基于知识的专业分工和能力整合才能全面提高企业效率。基于系统思维的人力资源能力成熟度模型以人力资源管理系统的系统构成、运行流程以及能力之间在不同程度上的和谐性为着眼点,将成熟度等级、流程域、目标和管理实践有机地融合为一体,为知识工作者的能力整合和企业效率的提高提供了指南。     

刍议知识经济时代的大学文化教育

知识经济时代的大学教育是培养创业者的教育。文化整体性教育是大学生综合素质培养的必然要求 ,文化整体性既是各类文化的总和 ,又指一般的文化知识     

Multivariate regression analysis of panel data with binary outcomes applied to unemployment data

Summary  In panel studies binary outcome measures together with time stationary and time varying explanatory variables are collected over time on the same individual. Therefore, a regression analysis for this type of data must allow for the correlation among the outcomes of an individual. The multivariate probit model of Ashford and Sowden (1970) was the first regression model for multivariate binary responses. However, a likelihood analysis of the multivariate probit model with general correlation structure for higher dimensions is intractable due to the maximization over high dimensional integrals thus severely restricting ist applicability so far. Czado (1996) developed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to overcome this difficulty. In this paper we present an application of this algorithm to unemployment data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics involving 11 waves of the panel study. In addition we adapt Bayesian model checking techniques based on the posterior predictive distribution (see for example Gelman et al. (1996)) for the multivariate probit model. These help to identify mean and correlation specification which fit the data well. C. Czado was supported by research grant OGP0089858 of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

The institutionalization of knowledge transfer activities within industry–university collaborative ventures

Due to the changing competitive landscape, organizations must increasingly focus on acquiring external knowledge to advance new technologies. This study examines the institutionalization of knowledge transfer activities between industrial firms and university research centers. Data were collected from 189 firms collaborating with 21 university research centers in the US. Results show that knowledge transfer activities are facilitated when industrial firms have more mechanistic structures, cultures that are more stable and direction-oriented, and when the firm is more trusting of its university research center partner. Implications for both industry and universities, including their effect on firm performance, are discussed.     

Enabling SMEs to take full advantage of e-business

Electronic business is rapidly changing the relationships between supply chain partners. This paper looks at what is needed to allow SMEs to participate fully in supply chain integration. First, current trends in supply chain integration, electronic commerce, and Internet support are examined. Next, the goals and results of a study are presented which addressed SME needs in fast moving consumer goods supply chains. These concepts are then integrated to determine a way forward for SMEs to participate in e-business. It is found that current Virtual Markets (web-sites or on-line communities that facilitate finding a buyer or seller and track orders) address some customer - supplier relationships but need many enhancements before they can support fully integrated supply chains.     

论学科全息机制在高等教育中的运用

知识全息是知识系统本质的必然体现,学科全息机制是知识生产的内部运行机制。学科全息机制主要包括：学科研究对象、原理的全息、学科研究方法的全息、学科研究队伍的全息。但是,高校在现实发展过程中的种种不恰当做法,背离了知识系统本身的自组织发展规律,造成了学科的现实发展与知识系统全息发展的矛盾,需要我们通过改革高校不当的组织管理方式、打破以学科分界为基础的院系设置、改变教师落后封闭的思想观念和单一老化的知识结构及改变高校单一的人才培养模式等方面来加以完善。