“以意逆志,得孟子之一体”——以《韩诗外传》为例看孟子对汉《诗》经学化的影响

孟子的"以意逆志"说,最先强调了读《诗》者在《诗》义阐释过程中的主体性作用,这意味着读《诗》者不再仅仅是被动地接受《诗》义;还可以通过主动推求去寻找《诗》的创作意图。《韩诗外传》正是汉《诗》践行孟子"以意逆志"观的突出代表。《韩诗外传》对孟子"以意逆志"观的传承,不仅展现了《诗》学发展至汉代的一次飞跃,同时也证明了汉诗通过《诗》义阐释传达经世意图的经学化倾向正是由孟子导夫先路的。     

Casting Timeshadows: Pleasure and Sadness of Moving among Nomadic Reindeer Herders in north-east Siberia

Abstract

Mobility is not simply imposed by the movement of animals, but gives a specific quality to human life. A long-term study of cyclical movement among Eveny reindeer herders reveals an alternating build-up and release of tension as each site is activated by human engagement with its spirits and then becomes dormant again until the following year. In each onward move, pleasure is mingled with sadness to form an indigenous aesthetic as the herder’s intention to travel is matched by the destination’s invitation to arrive. By contrast, the Soviet-imposed village creates a new immobility which thwarts this aesthetic and these emotions, perhaps stimulating depression and suicide. The analysis reveals a very particular kind of relationship between space, mobility and emotion.     

Participation in Science Service: Factors Influencing Volunteers’ Intentions

In spite of previous researches in large-scale volunteerisms have explored volunteer’s theory of planned behavior (TPB), little has been known concerning the scale development of volunteers’ Satisfaction and Motivation in related to science volunteer service. This study tested an expanded TPB model with a sample of 443 volunteers taken from a project for science volunteers run by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. To explore volunteers’ perspectives on their involvement in science service, structured questionnaires examined their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, Satisfaction and motivation via continued observation throughout the duration of the project. The findings from the path analyses suggest that the TPB is a useful tool for understanding event volunteers’ intention. In addition, Satisfaction emerged as the exclusive determinant of sustained volunteering and also as the potential predictor of the effects of other variables on future volunteering behavior. However, it was found that the science volunteers’ motivation had significant negative correlation with behavioral intention. In general, the expanded model of TBP provided an appropriate framework for understanding the factors associated with volunteering. Practical implications and future research directions for science volunteer management are also discussed.     

Intentions to leave and actual turnover of community midwives in the Netherlands: A mixed method study exploring the reasons why

BackgroundIn the Netherlands, the turnover of midwives of relatively young age is high. This is concerning since a lack of midwifery experience can negatively affect the quality of maternity care.AimTo study the rate and the reasons for intending to leave, and to explore the reasons for leaving midwifery jobs in the Netherlands.MethodsWe used a mixed-methods design including a quantitative survey (N = 726) followed by qualitative interviews (N = 17) with community midwives.FindingsAlmost one third of the respondents considered leaving the profession. The decision to actually leave the job was the result of a process in which midwives first tried to adapt to their working conditions, followed by feelings of frustration and finally feelings of decreased engagement with the work. The reasons for leaving midwifery practice are an accumulation of job demands, lack of social resources and family responsibilities.DiscussionCompared to international figures, we found a lower rate of midwives who considered leaving the profession. This could be explained by the differences in the organisation of midwifery care and the relatively high job autonomy of midwives in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, changes must be made in terms of decreasing the demands of the job and creating more job resources.ConclusionInnovations in the organisational structure that focus on continuity of care for pregnant individuals, job satisfaction for midwives and building a sustainable workforce may result in an increase in the retention of midwives. These innovations would ensure that women and their babies receive the best care possible.     

Understanding the Role of Individual Innovativeness in the Acceptance of IT‐Based Innovations: Comparative Analyses of Models and Measures*

As new technological innovations are rapidly introduced and changed, identifying an individual characteristic that has a persistent effect on the acceptance decisions across multiple technologies is of substantial value for the successful implementation of information systems. Augmenting prior work on individual innovativeness within the context of information technology, we developed a new measure of adopter category innovativeness (ACI) and compared its effectiveness with the existing measure of personal innovativeness in IT (PIIT). Further, we examined two alternative models in which the role of individual innovativeness was theorized differently—either as a moderator of the effects the perceived innovation characteristics of usefulness, ease of use, and compatibility have on future use intention (moderator model) or as a direct determinant of the innovation characteristics (direct determinant model). To ensure the generalizability of the study findings, two field studies (N= 634) were conducted, each of which examined the two models (moderator and direct determinant) and measured individual innovativeness using the two measures (ACI and PIIT). Study 1 surveyed the online buying practices of 412 individuals, and Study 2 surveyed personal digital assistant adoption of 222 healthcare professionals. Across the markedly different adoption contexts, the study results consistently show that individual innovativeness is a direct determinant of the innovation characteristics, and the two measures share many commonalities. The new measure offers some additional utilities not found in the PIIT measure by allowing individuals to be directly classified and mapped into adopter categories. Implications are drawn for future research and practice.     

IT企业技术员工离职意图路径模型实证研究

本文以来自西安15家IT公司的470名技术员工为样本,采用OLS回归分析对Price离职意图路径模型进行了实证研究。研究主要发现:该模型能够较好地解释本研究样本的离职意图;单调性对工作满意度的影响受到单调性相应价值观的调节作用,分配公平性和晋升机会对组织承诺度的影响受到这两个变量相应价值观的调节作用;组织承诺度、工作满意度、工作寻找行为、机会、工作投入度、期望匹配度、积极情感、职业成长度、晋升机会和工作单调性等十个变量被辨识为离职意图的主要决定量。     

Exploring the Effects of the Privacy‐Handling Management Styles of Social Networking Sites on User Satisfaction: A Conflict Management Perspective

The issue of consumer information privacy, arguably the most substantial and persistent problem confronting e‐commerce companies in general and online social networking service providers in particular, often results in unsatisfied customers. Researchers have investigated privacy from various perspectives and in a multitude of settings, yet there have been few attempts to understand privacy versus satisfaction, particularly from the perspective of conflict management. Because users’ privacy can be negatively affected by social networking sites (SNSs), this study focuses on the privacy conflicts between SNSs and their users. Drawing on conflict management theory, this article investigates the effects of different conflict management styles exhibited by an SNS on users’ satisfaction with its privacy practices, which then affects their intention to disclose personal information. The SNS examined in this study is Facebook, the most popular SNS with the largest number of users. Data were collected using an online survey and were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the two cooperative conflict management styles demonstrated by the SNS—accommodating and problem‐solving—positively affect users’ satisfaction with the privacy practices of the SNS both directly and indirectly through perceived privacy risk control. With regard to uncooperative styles, an avoiding style negatively affects user satisfaction directly, whereas an asserting style negatively affects user satisfaction indirectly through perceived privacy risk. The results also support that satisfaction is positively related to intention; users who are satisfied with the privacy practices of SNSs are more willing to disclose personal information than unsatisfied ones.     

Absenteeism, turnover intention and inequity in the employment relationship

In this field study a preliminary social exchange model was proposed that related perceived inequity in the employment relationship to subsequent absenteeism and turnover intention. From an equity perspective, it was hypothesized that absenteeism and turnover intention are indirectly related to perceived inequity in the exchange relationship with the organization, mediated by feelings of resentment and poor organizational commitment. By employing covariance structure modelling, the model was tested among mental health care professionals (N = 90). The results demonstrated that the relationship between perceived inequity and turnover intention was fully mediated by poor organizational commitment, which was, in turn, partially triggered by feelings of resentment that were associated with perceived inequity. In contrast, there was a strong direct link between inequity in the employment relationship and absenteeism, not mediated by resentment and poor organizational commitment. It was concluded that absenteeism and turnover intention can both be considered to be withdrawal reactions to perceived inequity, but that the two reactions differ in their underlying dynamics. The implications of these findings were discussed.     

服务失败情境下顾客损失、情绪对补救预期和顾客抱怨倾向的影响

由于服务行业高交互性和同步性特征,服务失败不可避免,重新赢得顾客的有效途径就是通过成功的服务补救.从国内外对于服务失败和补救的研究成果上看,绝大多数采用以认知为主的范式(归因、公平、满意、期望等),很少有研究关注服务失败和补救中给消费者带来的情绪变化.本文在充分回顾服务失败文献的基础上,提出在多年的研究成果中并未充分重视消费者的情绪反应过程.作者基于资源交换理论对消费者在服务失败中的心理反应机制进行了系统而科学的探讨,提出了以顾客损失、情绪为核心的服务失败模型.根据研究目的和研究模型,本文采用情景模拟法进行了实证研究,正式研究进行了严格的实施控制,包括对访问人员的访前培训和问卷复合,研究所用量表从国外相关研究的研究量表选择有效测项形成,按照事件严重程度和服务员情绪展示程度对情景进行2×2设计,选择在校大学生作为被试,最终获得有效问卷261份.数据采用了ANOVA、回归和PLS进行分析,并对各研究假设进行了验证.研究成果证实了服务失败本身和服务员处理失败时的情绪都会影响到消费者功利损失和象征损失,并进而影响消费者失败后的情绪,补救预期和抱怨倾向是认知和情绪综合影响的结果.     

现代设计对审美过程的影响

由于审美过程的主观性,现代设计为了完成服务社会和满足市场需求的功能,它有意识地组织和操控审美对象的审美情绪、审美规格、审美方向。