“紧凑城市”的内涵及其对中国城市发展的适应性

"紧凑城市"诞生于西方发达国家,源于对城市可持续性发展的诉求。由于我国城市发展与西方发达国家存在着差异,导致对"紧凑城市"的认识和实践存在着误区,归其原因在于对"紧凑城市"的科学内涵理解不到位。文章通过对相关文献的梳理和归纳,从核心内容、原则、特征、目标和衡量标准等方面对"紧凑城市"的内涵进行了认识。在此基础上,分析了"紧凑城市"在我国推行的现实依据以及与我国城市发展需求的契合点,并考察了我国建设"紧凑城市"的条件和能力。最后,提出了"紧凑城市"在中国的实现路径。     

制造业集聚与城镇化的互动关系研究——来自衡阳市2000－2016年的经验证据

文章通过建立VAR模型并采用衡阳市2000－2016年的时间序列数据考察了制造业集聚与城镇化之间的互动关系。研究结果显示:制造业集聚与城镇化之间存在长期稳定的协整关系,并在此基础上运用Granger因果检验方法得出它们之间具有双向的因果关系;制造业集聚与城镇化都存在自我发展的惯性现象;不管是在短期还是在长期中,制造业集聚对城镇化具有显著的负面影响,而城镇化对制造业集聚的抑制效果仅表现在短期中,长期影响效果甚微;在考察期内,导致制造业集聚和城镇化的波动主要还是自身因素,但制造业集聚对城镇化的影响效果仍不容忽视。最后,结合衡阳市的实际情况对制造业集聚与城镇化发展提出了相应的政策建议。     

Mortality analysis of persons with disabilities in Argentina by age,sex and duration of benefit, 2015–16

This article describes the differential mortality of Argentina’s disability pension beneficiaries during the 2015–16 period, based on National Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social – ANSES) payment records. It compares data for those with an assessed disability with overall population data, as well as with available international data (from Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States of America). In addition to breaking down mortality rates for people with disabilities by age and sex, it also factors in duration of benefit, establishing an inverse correlation between benefit duration and mortality.     

Application of a non-homogeneous Markov chain with seasonal transition probabilities to ozone data

In this work, we assume that the sequence recording whether or not an ozone exceedance of an environmental threshold has occurred in a given day is ruled by a non-homogeneous Markov chain of order one. In order to account for the possible presence of cycles in the empirical transition probabilities, a parametric form incorporating seasonal components is considered. Results show that even though some covariates (namely, relative humidity and temperature) are not included explicitly in the model, their influence is captured in the behavior of the transition probabilities. Parameters are estimated using the Bayesian point of view via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. The model is applied to ozone data obtained from the monitoring network of Mexico City, Mexico. An analysis of how the methodology could be used as an aid in the decision-making is also given.     

The Structure of Social Cohesion: An Analysis of Its Levels and Dimensions in Mexico City1

This article aims to conceptualize and assess social cohesion in Mexico, taking into account their multilevel and multidimensional nature. To measure social cohesion levels and dimensions, we used the Social Welfare Survey (N = 2871) for the 16 municipalities in Mexico City. Then, we employed the distance method to construct a social cohesion index. In addition, we define social cohesion degrees (very high, high, medium, and low) to explore the relevance of each indicator. The findings suggest that the objective and subjective indicators at the meso‐level has the highest contribution, regardless of the territory or degrees of cohesion. This finding suggests that neighborhoods are well organized for solving everyday problems. Meanwhile, the willingness to help both friends and members of one’s network was not a priority, which can be explained by the suspicion toward other people and the prevalent economic conditions.     

Forest leaf litter quantity and seedling occurrence along an urban-rural gradient

Leaf litter, by modifying microenvironmental conditions, can alter plant population distributions and is considered to be a major force in structuring many plant communities. Comparative studies of urban, suburban, and rural forests in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan area have identified numerous biotic and abiotic differences among these forests, including several involved in leaf litter decomposition. These differences in decomposition among the forests could result in differences in litter quantity on the forest floor and hence microenvironmental conditions and safe sites for germination of different plant species. We conducted a survey of forest floor leaf litter quantity in forests located along an urban-to-rural land-use gradient originating in urban NYC and extending to rural Connecticut. Mean litter depth, mass, and density increased significantly with increased distance of the forest from NYC.We also surveyed woody seedlings and compared the litter depth in which they naturally occurred to the mean litter depth of the surrounding forest. Seedlings of small-seeded species were much more likely to be located in litter shallower than mean forest litter depth than were seedlings of large-seeded species. Taken together, these results suggest that environmental changes associated with urbanization may have profound effects on long-term patterns of forest regeneration.     

名人文化在徐州城市特质与人文精神构建中的作用

名人文化在城市特质与人文精神的形成和传承中不仅有重要影响、促进作用,而且具有重要的文化价值。徐州名人辈出,枚不胜数的徐州文化名人,给我们留下的名人文化符号与文化记忆,也是这座名城的城市特质与人文精神以及文化价值的体现。徐州名人文化源远流长,“楚韵汉风、青山绿水、有情有义、强富美高……”都是对徐州城市特质、人文精神、名人文化的最好诠释。从“名人文化对徐州城市发展的影响与作用;名人文化对徐州人文精神形成的影响与作用;名人文化对徐州城市特质、人文精神传承与文化名人辈出的影响与作用”三个方面进行阐释,论述名人文化在徐州城市特质与人文精神构建中的作用以及名人文化传承的路径。     

秦汉邺城钩沉

自齐桓公筑邺,邺址未变,其地即今古邺三台遗址。秦汉时期,邺在地理上对于历史的发展起了重要影响。秦军据此攻赵,汉高于此置魏郡,东汉灵帝时为冀州治,曹操于此建魏都,邺成为北方中心城市。袁绍初治州城,讲究规整,奠定了邺内城外郭的基本格局。曹操在此基础上进一步完善,形成了主要建筑沿中轴线左右对称、街区呈棋盘状的邺城城制。     

长株潭实验区环境损害赔偿基金制度探析

我国的环境问题日益严峻,给经济社会带来重大负面影响。长株潭实验区应当积极作为,探索环境保护与治理的制度模式,率先建立完善环境损害赔偿基金制度。长株潭实验区环境损害赔偿基金制度的建构,应在国内现有环境保护法律法规的基础上,借鉴域外损害赔偿制度,从基金筹集、基金申请、基金管理、基金监管等方面进行。     

正太铁路与阳泉城市的崛起（1907-1937）

20世纪初叶,山西近代铁路建设发端。1907年正太铁路全线通车,这是山西近代第一条铁路。便捷的铁路交通运输条件刺激了阳泉煤炭资源的开发,由此带动了阳泉的冶铁业、商业、金融、邮政和教育的发展。快速的城市化进程使阳泉逐步取代了平定而成为山西东部的工业重镇。