社会工作者在我国城市反贫困中的使命和角色

社会工作的使命是“扶贫济弱、助人自助”,贫民和劳工是社会工作的两大传统服务对象。由于对致贫原因看法的不同,社会工作在反贫困中的助人活动主要分为两类:一是围绕改变贫困者个人而开展的助人活动,二是围绕改变贫困者周围的社会环境而开展的助人活动。这两类活动在不同的历史时期都发挥了重要作用。中国的城市贫困问题主要是社会结构变迁造成的,所以社会工作在城市反贫困中以推动社会政策制度和改变为主,同时也强调贫困者的自立。由此形成了社会工作在政策制定环节中的贫困者利益维护者,政策执行过程中需求的评估者;致力于提升贫困者能力的使能者;积极参与劳动力市场活动的倡导者和为贫困者解决实际困难的服务提供者等多重角色。     

诂诗与诂诗者的局限——由“大漠孤烟直”想到的

王维诗《使至塞上》中“大漠孤烟直”的“孤烟直”,注家多有分岐。烟何以直,这是西北及北方独特的地理气候决定的。历来学者解诗派少考虑自然现象和生活常识,往往在古籍里找根源,这是历代解诗者的明显缺憾。     

晚清圣母圣心会西南蒙古教区传教述论

晚清时期，圣母圣心会在西南蒙古教区获得了迅猛的发展。教会的成功在于其传教方法的得当。教会的传教活动，产生了大体积极的影响，同时也加深了地方社会的半殖民化程度。     

布道与牺牲——基督教布道团在山西（1882—1900）

19世纪80年代,美国欧柏林大学开始向中国山西派出传教士,开启了欧柏林大学与山西之间的联系。本文以介绍曾任"欧柏林山西纪念协会"主席的爱尔斯文斯.卡尔逊的大作《欧柏林帮:基督教布道团在山西,1882-1900》为主,回顾了欧柏林大学与山西农业大学、云南大学的友好交往与合作。     

论佛教传入日本的文化条件

佛教传入日本是一种文化传播现象,只有当文化传播的客观条件成熟,文化移植的土壤形成之后,佛教传入日本方能实现。从文化辐射源的形成、文化传播途径以及文化中心与边缘地区的互动关系三个方面来看,当时的日本具备了佛教传播的文化条件。     

略论知识分子在中华优秀文化传承中的使命与担当

传统文化精神浸育下的中国知识分子形成了种种独具特色的精神本性和人格特质,当然也有其弱点和缺陷。这种本性和特质以及当今时代对优秀文化传承的迫切需求,使当代知识分子面临着不可推卸的弘扬与传播中华优秀文化的重大使命。作为有所作为的中国的真正知识分子,应当继承和发扬历史上知识分子那种撼人心魄的使命感和责任感,在古今中外的文化碰撞、交汇中正视传统与现代、中学与西学,以及传统文化自身的种种悖论,并在对文化悖论的反思中走向自觉,通过寻找有效的方法和路径,卓有成效地担当起文化传承的使命。     

Reliability of semi-Markov missions

We consider a device that is designed to perform missions consisting of a random sequence of phases or stages with random durations. The mission process is described by a Markov renewal process and the system is a complex one consisting of a number of components whose lifetimes depend on the phases of the mission. We discuss models and tools to compute system, mission, and phase reliabilities using Markov renewal theory. A simplified model involving a mission-based system with maximal repair is analyzed first, and the results are then extended to the case where there is no repair using intrinsic aging concepts. Our objective is to focus on computation of system reliability for these two possible extreme cases.     

国际非政府组织使命达成问题研究综述

随着中国社会公共服务市场的日益扩大,越来越多的国际非政府机构来到中国开展服务,为了达到机构本身的使命,往往在中国特殊的社会环境下遇到跨文化的挑战。作为国际非政府机构,关于其使命达成中的影响要素及挑战的研究值得关注。     

Optimal Mission Abort Policy for Systems Operating in a Random Environment

Many real‐world critical systems, e.g., aircrafts, manned space flight systems, and submarines, utilize mission aborts to enhance their survivability. Specifically, a mission can be aborted when a certain malfunction condition is met and a rescue or recovery procedure is then initiated. For systems exposed to external impacts, the malfunctions are often caused by the consequences of these impacts. Traditional system reliability models typically cannot address a possibility of mission aborts. Therefore, in this article, we first develop the corresponding methodology for modeling and evaluation of the mission success probability and survivability of systems experiencing both internal failures and external shocks. We consider a policy when a mission is aborted and a rescue procedure is activated upon occurrence of the m th shock. We demonstrate the tradeoff between the system survivability and the mission success probability that should be balanced by the proper choice of the decision variable m . A detailed illustrative example of a mission performed by an unmanned aerial vehicle is presented.     

Minister Li Bin Attended the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2014

正During April 8~11,2014,Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2014 was convened in Boao,Hainan.Ms Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)attended the opening ceremony and spoke at the roundtable of"Mission of International Medical Tourism Pilot".Li pointed out in her speech at the roundtable that,in 2013,the State Council issued Some Opinions on