How Do You Solve a Problem Like Subpoenas?

Following up on Sociological Forum essays by Shamus Khan and Jack Katz, the author provides a law professor's perspective on the subpoena of ethnographic notes and testimony.     

Guidelines for Hoshin Kanri implementation: development and discussion

Hoshin Kanri is a strategic management framework originally conceived in Japan and recognised for developing a deployment process that integrates business strategy and operations execution. Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest regarding Hoshin Kanri implementation among western managers, who usually face cultural challenges towards its use. This leads to the necessity of systematising a set of universally applicable guiding principles or guidelines, for Hoshin Kanri initiatives. This paper presents the results of an in-depth assessment of Hoshin Kanri guidelines carried out through a systematic process of experts? interviews. It uses as its starting point a model of the guidelines that was previously developed through a systematic literature review. The revising and refining of the guidelines is carried out by discussing their conceptual foundations and 20 guidelines are presented that may aid in the implementation of Hoshin Kanri in dfferent types of organisations.     

欧盟人工智能战略框架下的伦理准则及其国际含义

近年来,人工智能技术不断发展,对人类生活产生了巨大影响。人工智能已经成为新时期国际竞争的重点领域之一。在此背景下,欧盟意识到人工智能的重要意义,为此先后出台了《欧洲人工智能》与《人工智能协调计划》等重要政策文件,相关战略框架初步成型。在此基础上,2019年4月欧盟发布了《可信人工智能伦理准则》与《建立以人为本的可信人工智能》两个政策文件,明确提出七条关键伦理要求,对欧盟的人工智能战略框架做了补充与细化。本文在简要回溯欧盟人工智能战略框架的基础上,具体阐释了欧盟人工智能伦理准则的核心内涵,分析了其出台动因及国际含义。本文认为该准则的出台可以视为欧盟把握战略机遇、应对多重发展挑战、发挥自身机制优势而做出的重要战略调整。结合欧盟在此方面的举措,本文进一步思考了其对中国人工智能发展的相关启示,提出中国应保持既有发展优势,建立并完善官方伦理监管体系,积极参与并推动国际人工智能伦理标准的制定。     

Researcher Perceptions of Ethical Guidelines and Codes of Conduct

Ethical codes of conduct exist in almost every profession. Field-specific codes of conduct have been around for decades, each articulating specific ethical and professional guidelines. However, there has been little empirical research on researchers’ perceptions of these codes of conduct. In the present study, we interviewed faculty members in six research disciplines and identified five themes bearing on the circumstances under which they use ethical guidelines and the underlying reasons for not adhering to such guidelines. We then identify problems with the manner in which codes of conduct in academia are constructed and offer solutions for overcoming these problems.     

地方政府绩效评价监管问题研究

加强政府绩效评价监管对引导地方政府绩效评价规范、有序、健康地发展具有重要的意义.为此,本文提出地方政府绩效评价监管的总体目标和操作目标以及应遵循的监管原则,监管方式和监管内容,实施地方政府绩效评价有效监管的环境建设.     

Developing Policy in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty: Interpreting 0.3 μT or 0.4 μT Cutpoints from EMF Epidemiologic Studies

There has been considerable scientific effort to understand the potential link between exposures to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and the occurrence of cancer and other diseases. The combination of widespread exposures, established biological effects from acute, high-level exposures, and the possibility of leukemia in children from low-level, chronic exposures has made it both necessary and difficult to develop consistent public health policies. In this article we review the basis of both numeric standards and precautionary-based approaches. While we believe that policies regarding EMF should indeed be precautionary, this does not require or imply adoption of numeric exposure standards. We argue that cutpoints from epidemiologic studies, which are arbitrarily chosen, should not be used as the basis for making exposure limits due to a number of uncertainties. Establishment of arbitrary numeric exposure limits undermines the value of both the science-based numeric EMF exposure standards for acute exposures and precautionary approaches. The World Health Organization's draft Precautionary Framework provides guidance for establishing appropriate public health policies for power-frequency EMF.     

论近代中国公司立法指导思想之嬗变

近代中国的清政府、北京政府和南京政府根据各自的立法指导思想,制定了符合自身需要的公司法。各个政府的公司立法指导思想具有一定的继承性和延续性,但也各有不同。其嬗变反映了近代中国政治、经济环境和国家根本任务的变化。     

Some Questions for Monica E. Oss on the Behavioral Health Care Industry

No abstract available for this article.     

Balancing Autonomy Rights and Protection: Children’s Involvement in a Child Safety Online Project

Researchers who involve children in their research are faced with the challenge of choosing between differing theoretical approaches which can prioritise children’s autonomy rights or their ‘vulnerability’ and their need to be protected. Somewhat confusingly, ethical guidelines seem to reflect a combination of these approaches. Even when researchers have settled on their preferred approach, they may find that this then has to be modified in accordance with gatekeeper requirements. In the context of children’s involvement in a child safety online project, this paper highlights the difficulties encountered because of a tension between children’s autonomy rights, educational norms in a school setting and child protection concerns and considers whether an appropriate balance was achieved.     

Conflict of Interest Policies and Industry Relationships of Guideline Development Group Members: A Cross-Sectional Study of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Depression

Because of increased attention to the issue of trustworthiness of clinical practice guidelines, it may be that both transparency and management of industry associations of guideline development groups (GDGs) have improved. The purpose of the present study was to assess a) the disclosure requirements of GDGs in a cross-section of guidelines for major depression; and, b) the extent and type of conflicts of panel members. Treatment guidelines for major depression were identified and searched for conflict of interest policies and disclosure statements. Multi-modal screens for undeclared conflicts were also conducted. Fourteen guidelines with a total of 172 panel members were included in the analysis. Eleven of the 14 guidelines (78%) had a stated conflict of interest policy or disclosure statement, although the policies varied widely. Most (57%) of the guidelines were developed by panels that had members with industry financial ties to drug companies that manufacture antidepressant medication. However, only a minority of total panel members (18%) had such conflicts of interest. Drug company speakers bureau participation was the most common type of conflict. Although some progress has been made, organizations that develop guidelines should continue to work toward greater transparency and minimization of financial conflicts of interest.