Look Again: Research,Uncertainty, and Understanding

Abstract

An outbreak of measles (rubeola) occurred on the Bloomington campus of Indiana University in February 1983, resulting in 179 clinically diagnosed cases. An aggressive, voluntary immunization program followed by the possibility of sanctions against nonimmunized students returning to campus after spring break resulted in 23,000 vaccinations, with other students submitting verifications of previous history of disease or live-vaccine immunization.

The factors that may have contributed to the outbreak were less natural immunity in this age group, absence of school legislation when these individuals were entering school, and use of killed vaccine which did not provide immunity.     

Difference in Condom Use Among Sexually Active Males at Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and black men who have sex with both men and women (MSMW) may not perceive themselves to be part of the larger gay community and hence may not heed prevention messages aimed at the community. Objective and Participants: To better understand the participants behaviors, the authors examined differences in condom use between black MSM/W (including MSM and MSMW) and men who have sex with women (MSW) at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). Methods: A paper-and-pencil questionnaire survey investigated sexual behaviors of 1,865 freshmen from 35 HBCUs during the 2001-2002 school year. Results: MSM/W were about 0.37 times less likely to always use condoms compared with MSW (adjusted odds ratio = 0.63, 95% confidence interval = 0.42-0.95). Sexual behavior, age at survey, total family income, and religion were also associated with condom use. Conclusions: These findings offer new directions for sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention aimed at a highly marginalized population that remains at high risk for infection.     

History of the American College Health Association

Abstract

Following Dr Edward Hitchcock's lead at Amherst College in 1861, soon other institutions of higher education established physical education departments that evolved into independent college health programs. As the field of college health expanded, leaders from numerous campuses began meeting to share information and discuss formation of a national organization. As a result, the American Student Health Association was founded in 1920 to promote campus health care for students and advance the interests of college health. The name was changed to the American College Health Association in 1948. The past history of this organization has been well documented in the literature, so this review will focus more on ACHA's accomplishments over the past 20 years. ¹ Turner, H S and Hurley, J L. 2002. The History and Practice of College Health., Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.  [Google Scholar] ^{, 2} American College Health Association. A brief history, Available at: http://www.acha.org/About_ACHA/docs/ACHA_Brief_History.pdf Published 2002. Accessed February 26, 2011 [Google Scholar] ^{, 3} Boynton, RE. 1971. The first fifty years: a history of the American College Health Association. J Am Coll Health Assoc, 19: 269–288.  [Google Scholar] ^{, 4} Christmas, W A. 1992. The history of sections in the American College Health Association. J Am Coll Health, 41: 121–125. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]     

One Hundred Years of College Mental Health

Abstract

Although the first student health service is credited to Amherst College in 1861, almost 50 years passed before Princeton University established the first mental health service in 1910. At that time, a psychiatrist was hired to help with student personality development. Although other schools subsequently established such services, the first 50 years of college mental health were marked by a series of national conferences. At the American Student Health Association's annual meeting in 1920, “mental hygiene” was identified as critical for college campuses to assist students to reach their highest potential. However, it took another 40 years before mental health and psychological counseling services became common on college and university campuses. The American College Health Association formed a Mental Health Section to serve mental health professionals in 1957, and most colleges and universities have now developed mental health and counseling programs commensurate with the size of their student bodies.     

NANNY/MAMMY: COMPARING LADY GREGORY AND JESSIE FAUSET

The article constructs a framework for future inquiry about the role of the servant class in the works of Lady Augusta Gregory and Jessie Redmon Fauset. Irish writer Lady Gregory, like her African American counterpart, regarded the working classes with marked ambivalence. The elite of their respective societies, both artists patronized those of lesser social stature to varying degrees. At the same time, however, they both faced powerful adversaries and colleagues alike who sought to keep these female writers themselves ‘in their place.’ As a result of their complex identities, the servant figures perform deeply provocative roles in their writing. The nanny/mammy, with all of the attendant problems of race, class, and gender, embodies the sometimes similar and sometimes divergent battles waged by these two pioneering artists. Questioning notions of ownership and the labor of literary production, the essay also uses the nanny figure as a metaphor to probe Fauset's and Lady Gregory's remarkable trials of dispossession.     

历史视域下的心理学本土化进程研究

以历史的视角考察心理学本土化的发展进程,有利于全面地把握心理学本土化概念的内涵;有利于更加深入地理解心理学本土化问题产生的内因和外因;更有利于促进各种不同文化背景下的本土心理学例证的发展;最后,研究主张建立多中心、多形式的心理学历史,以对应新兴的多元的本土心理学例证,以挑战和打击所谓的文化中心的霸权行为。     

Native Hawaiian Families Systemic Disparities in Hawaii's Child Welfare System

This study examined systemic and individual factors that contribute to the disproportionality of Native Hawaiian families in the child welfare system using data from the 2004–2005 Hawaii State Child Welfare Services (N = 1267). Native Hawaiians were found to be more likely to reenter the system and less likely to be re-united with their families even when the type of abuse was less serious. This distinction was identifiable in interaction terms in multivariate analysis. The paper concludes that the child welfare system in Hawaii needs to continue to explore methods to reduce these disparities.     

‘Making It’ Versus Satisfaction: How Women Raising Young Children in Poverty Assess How Well They Are Doing

ABSTRACT

Using in-depth interviews with 17 women raising young children in urban poverty, two separate standards were examined—“making it” and satisfaction. “Making it” referred to one's perceived ability to meet the basic physical needs of her children. In contrast, satisfaction referred to how closely one's current life circumstances align with her personal notions of success. Results indicated that self-expectations greatly influenced which standard individuals prioritized, such that those with higher expectations valued satisfaction while those with lower expectations prioritized “making it.” Self-expectations aligned largely with one's poverty status, and women with the fewest economic resources typically expected the least for their lives. Findings from this study suggest that efforts to support women raising young children in poverty must address both standards if they are to be relevant, effective, and sustainable. Similarly, if individuals are to succeed in such interventions, they must be supported in developing higher expectations for their lives, given the role that expectations play in catalyzing one's sense of a life beyond survival. Future research and implications for theory and practice are outlined.     

Goals for Group Work with Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

This article reports on focus group data from African American women after participating in year-long groups while attempting to make the transition from welfare to work. Qualitative data analysis is employed to examine the women's words about their experiences, within the context of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) requirements and group work models for women who are multiply oppressed. Their words point to recommendations for group work knowledge and skills to best support the needs of these women in the era of TANF.     

Rural African American Clergy: An Exploration of Their Attitudes and Knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease

Rural African American clergy's ability to recognize Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and their capacity to provide support to elders with this illness has been neglected in the literature. Using a mental health literacy framework, the purpose of this research was to explore rural African American clergy knowledge and beliefs of AD. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 African American clergy who oversaw churches in central Kentucky. Although few had direct experience with providing pastoral care to elders with AD, all clergy were literate and aware of the need for additional training. This study seeks to further clarify the role of African American clergy and their understanding of AD to inform the future development of appropriate interventions and establish better collaborative community treatment relationships.