Smoking and Intention to Quit Among a Large Sample of Black Sexual and Gender Minorities

The purpose of this study is to more completely quantify smoking and intention to quit from a sample of sexual and gender minority (SGM) Black individuals (N = 639) through analysis of data collected at Pride festivals and online. Frequencies described demographic characteristics; chi-square analyses were used to compare tobacco-related variables. Black SGM smokers were more likely to be trying to quit smoking than White SGM smokers. However, Black SGM individuals were less likely than White SGM individuals to become former smokers. The results of this study indicate that smoking behaviors may be heavily influenced by race after accounting for SGM status.     

Problems in sampling the Native American and Alaska Native populations

Selecting a scientific national sample of Native Americans and Alaska Natives is difficult for at least four reasons: (1) they are a small proportion of the total population, (2) they are not so segregated that geographic oversampling can reach most of the population, (3) criteria for deciding who is a member of the Native American and Alaska Native population are not well defined, and (4) they are so culturally diverse that subclass estimates may be of equal or greater importance than overall estimates. The goal of this paper is to identify key design choices a statistician must face when selecting a sample of these populations, and to discuss alternative strategies. I also provide commentary on sampling plans that have been used for previous surveys, and explain why these plans, while sufficient for the purposes of their particular surveys, do not provide general solutions. Of particular importance is a careful definition of the study population. For example, some studies would focus on the reservation population, others would focus on persons listed on tribal rolls, and still others on persons eligible for coverage by the Indian Health Service. The numbers of persons included in all of these groups is far short of the two million Native Americans and Alaska Natives counted in the 1990 Census. I conclude that there is no sampling strategy that is appropriate for all surveys, but also provide suggestions for certain survey situations.     

论美国内战时期林肯政府的反干涉政策

美国内战期间,在面临严重外来干涉的情况下,林肯政府力图阻止英法列强承认南部同盟,对南部同盟进行封锁,杜绝物资流入南方,并阻止英法为南部同盟制造军舰,变相干涉美国内战;为了获得世界人民的同情,还颁布了《解放奴隶宣言》。这些反干涉措施有力地维护了国家的统一,为林肯政府贏得了内战的最后胜利。     

从伊拉克战争看美国中东战略之变化及战后中东格局

伊拉克战争是海湾战争后中东地区最重要的政治事件，它标志着美国中东战略正在发生重大转折．当前的美国领导层对美国在中东地区利益的认识发生了很大变化，意识形态色彩更为浓厚，推行民主成为关系到美安全核心利益．伊战打破了中东地区原有的力量平衡，战后的中东格局面临新一轮重组．     

社区学院--美国高等教育大众化的历史选择

社区学院是美国高等教育体系的重要组成部分。100多年来美国高等教育大众化的发展选择了社区学院.社区学院则适应了美国高等教育大众化的需要。社区学院为美国高等教育的大众化做出了重要的贡献。在新世纪,社区学院纷纷打出了“国际化”和“网络化”的战略,从而进入了新的发展时期。     

不列颠英语和美式英语的主要差异

本文在英语的语音、语调和词汇等方面论述了不列颠英语和美式英语的主要差异 ,建议英语教学以规范的语言模式为基础 ,以最实用的表达方式为主要内容 ,同时让学生了解、掌握这些差异 ,以便实际应用     

英国英语与美国英语之语用差异

英国英语与美国英语是英语的两种变体。它们虽然植根于同一母体,但由于其历史、地理、文化环境的不同,除了英语的共性之外,各自都具有地域上的变体形式和社会语用方面的差异,主要体现在语音、词汇及习惯表达方面的不同。     

试论18世纪英国的海外移民

18世纪 ,以英国为首的国家联盟击败了法国 ,建立起了大西洋贸易体系。英帝国的广大海外从属领地开始大量吸收本土过剩的人口 (失业者和穷人 ) ,也为流放的犯人提供遥远的监狱 ,以确保帝国战略利益的安全。 18世纪英国的海外移民 ,一方面为英国人找到了新的生存空间 ,另一方面也促进了帝国内殖民地的经济发展 ,建立起了帝国范围内的经济和贸易体系。     

"拉美现象"及对中国构建和谐社会的启示

中国构建和谐社会必须警惕"拉美现象",正确处理效率与公平的关系,实现人民收入分配的合理增长;正确处理教育发展过程中的不均衡问题,促进国民教育的健康发展;正确处理工业化与农业发展之间的关系,促进社会共同发展;正确处理经济发展与环境保护之间的关系,实现人与自然的和谐共处;正确处理对外开放与自我保护的关系,在全球化进程中不断提高经济竞争能力;正确处理经济改革和政治改革的关系,加强党的执政能力建设.     

"美国梦"的幻灭及其语言学阐释--再论《了不起的盖茨比》

文章运用G.利奇等现代语言学家提供的理论框架,对小说中表现梦想幻灭的偏离现象进行分析.通过深入分析盖茨比"美国梦"的幻灭及盖茨比悲剧的根源,深刻揭示了美国社会的黑暗和空虚的现实.