关于实施“双语教学”若干问题的探讨

我国在实施双语教学中,取得了一些成绩,但也有一些问题值得探讨。本文就双语教学的含义、目的、任务、实施模式、面临的问题及对策等进行了一些探讨。     

Robust Two-Sample Statistics for Testing Equality of Means: a Simulation Study

When testing the equality of the means from two independent normally distributed populations given that the variances of the two populations are unknown but assumed equal, the classical two-sample t-test is recommended. If the underlying population distributions are normal with unequal and unknown variances, either Welch's t-statistic or Satterthwaite's Approximate F-test is suggested. However, Welch's procedure is non-robust under most non-normal distributions. There is a variable tolerance level around the strict assumptions of data independence, homogeneity of variances and normality of the distributions. Few textbooks offer alternatives when one or more of the underlying assumptions are not defensible.     

A test for the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity within arch-m framework

This paper is concerned with testing the presence of ARCH within the ARCH-M model as the alternative hypothesis. Standard testing procedures are inapplicable since a nuisance parameter is unidentified under the null hypothesis. Nonetheless, the diagnostic tests for the presence of the conditional variance is very important since any misspecification in the conditional variance equation leads to inconsistent estimates of the conditional mean parameters. BTo resolve the problem of unidentified nuisance parameter, 'Ne apply Davies' approach, and investigate its finite sample performance through a Monte Carlo study.     

“有事法制”及其对日本国内和东北亚地区局势的影响

日本政府"有事法制"的出台,引起了日本国内及周边国家的关注。日本政治大国化战略、美国的全球战略及朝鲜半岛变幻不定的局势成为日本政府"有事法制"出笼的催化剂,而这一政策可能会造成东北亚地区局势的新一轮动荡,给地区安全带来不稳定因素。     

问诊学校发展的焦点:解决常态问题的行动研究

学校改进是当前中小学校发展的难点和焦点之一,对于60年校龄的学校更是如此。之所以困难,不仅在于"老"校已经形成定势,而且难在如何激发新活力,并有效发挥原有资源的正面作用。问诊学校发展的焦点在于解决常态问题。为此,我们以60年校龄的胜利小学为实验学校开展行动研究,行动的基本流程是:学校问题诊断→学校改进策略拟定→实践尝试→问题再诊断→改进方案常态化(→转入下一个系列问题的诊断及其解决)。改进策略方法集中表现为:以同课异构激活动力,以"问题驱动、研训一体"实现教师群体的共同发展,以校本课程开发提升学校特色,以教学机制建设作为"造血"工程,以名教师培养作为"种子"计划,以探索评价的实践操作策略作为学校已有传统工作的改进重点。3年的学校改进实践证实,以问题解决为切入点的学校改进策略,是切实可行的,具有良好的推广价值。     

中法战争的战略问题之我见

中法战争是中国近代历史上唯一的一次在胜利的条件下与外国签订丧权辱国条约的战争。从战争整个过程来看,双方打打停停、停停打打,战争中有和谈、和谈中有战争。从战争的结局来看,中国在取得战争连战连捷、节节胜利的情况下停战,与法国签订条约,中国不败而败,法国不胜而胜。之所以是这样的一种场面和结局,纠其原因是由中法双方的战略指导思想决定的。尤其是中国清廷方面的战略指导思想,耐人寻味,很值得研究。     

“推拉理论”视野下的青少年犯罪问题及“增权”途径

在推拉理论视野下考察青少年犯罪现象并寻求增权途径是很有必要的。对青少年犯罪因素的推拉力的归纳总结有利于我们明确青少年犯罪的原因,而有效预防和矫治青少年犯罪的途径是通过增强其拉力即“增权”实现的。     

A Newsvendor Problem with Revenue Sharing and Channel Coordination*

Increasingly manufacturers and retailers are implementing revenue‐sharing policies to coordinate distribution channels more effectively. This article considers a standard newsvendor problem in a single manufacturer–retailer channel and compares the expected profits that each party receives in a traditional ordering environment with those that can be achieved under a revenue‐sharing policy designed to completely eliminate double marginalization. It is shown that the retailer always benefits from the transition to revenue sharing by capturing a portion of the incremental channel profit generated by the complete elimination of double marginalization. A necessary demand‐distribution‐dependent condition is derived under which the transition to revenue sharing benefits the manufacturer as well. The findings of this research are illustrated in a numerical example for the uniform demand distribution.     

Implementation of fortran random number generators on computers with one's complement arithmetic †

Random number generators can be programmed in FORTRAN using several methods on 1's complement machines. We have presented several methods for the SRU 1107–1108 and CDC 6000 and CYBER series, the two most popular that utilize 1's complement arithmetic. We believe the logical mask method to be the most efficient technique based on execution time on both machines. This method requires only a little more than one-half the time of the signed residue method on the SRU 1107–1108 and a little more than two thirds the time of the unsigned residue method on the CDC 6000–CYBER. A fast composite generator in FORTRAN uses the logical mask merhod combined with the FLD function to implement the table approach of MacLaren and Marsaglia (1965). This generator proves to be more than twice as fast as a previous one for the SRU 1108, Marsaglia and Bray (1968)     

论教育哲学研究问题意识的确定

教育哲学史就是由无数问题贯穿始终的教育问题史。那么确立教育哲学研究的问题意识原因何在?一是通过"本体论"问题的追问与觉解进而厘清现代教育哲学层层叠进的学理线索,从而在差异对勘中寻觅现代教育领域中的症结所在。二是直接"面对事物本身"来提问,对既有问题持续进行"价值清理"与批判,以此证明教育哲学存在之合法性。而"正确地向生活的朴素性回归",既颠覆了实践次于理论的古典关系,突出教育哲学研究的实践旨趣,同时拓展与转换了教育哲学思维方式与问题视阈,以及对人之生存境遇及未来发展的真切关怀。