中国解决西藏问题的对策

中印关系中西藏问题存在的根源是印度对中国在西藏的主权是形式上而不是实质性的承认。西藏问题的存在影响了中国的发展和崛起以及中国同其他国家的关系,成为某些国家向中国施加影响和压力的筹码。解决西藏问题,我们首先必须坚持“西藏是中国领土和主权不可分割的一部分”这一原则立场,同时应加强国家的综合国力建设和发展包括中印关系在内的良好的周边关系,从而为解决西藏问题奠定基础并提供国际环境保障。     

An essentially complete class of multiple decision procedures

Let π₁,…, π_k represent k(?2) independent populations. The quality of the ith population π_i is characterized by a real-valued parameter θ_i, usually unknown. We define the best population in terms of a measure of separation between θ_i's. A selection of a subset containing the best population is called a correct selection (CS). We restrict attention to rules for which the size of the selected subset is controlled at a given point and the infimum of the probability of correct selection over the parameter space is maximized. The main theorem deals with construction of an essentially complete class of selection rules of the above type. Some classical subset selection rules are shown to belong to this class.     

略论儒家伦理与明清之际社会转型——以山西商人为个案的研究

本文在评述马克思·韦伯关于宗教伦理与经济发展关系理论的基础上,指出"韦氏问题"带有普遍意义的"科学革命"地位以及先前研究在解释中国古代社会转型中所存在的缺陷,继而运用传统史料着重分析我国明清之际儒家伦理与商人精神的内在联系,并以山西商人为个案加以论证.另外,还就此论题所体现的史学方法论和现实意义略加评论.     

A Cross-Cultural Study of Gambling Behaviour Among Adolescents

This study investigated whether the prevalence of weekly and problem gambling among youth varied according to cultural affiliation. A convenience sample of 1,265 Quebec high school students aged 12–18 was divided into three linguistic groupings: Anglophone (English), Francophone (French), and Allophone (other). Results revealed that the Allophone grouping contained the highest proportion of youth who gambled on a weekly basis and who reported gambling problems, followed by the Anglophone, and finally the Francophone groupings. Acculturation difficulties were associated with problem gambling. Few meaningful between-group differences were found with respect to factors related to problem gambling (i.e., comorbidity with other risk factors, coping, family functioning and resiliency). The results are discussed with respect to the influence of cultural background on gambling behavior.     

The South Oaks Gambling Screen-revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA) Revisited: A Cut-point Analysis

The lack of a criterion validity gold standard defining adolescent pathological gambling represents a major limitation of the adolescent gambling literature. The present study employed Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis (ROC) to examine the performance of the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent (SOGS-RA) recommended cut-point of 4 against two-proxy gold standards: self-identified need for, or receipt of, help for gambling. Logistic regression analysis examined the correlates of self-identified need for help with gambling. The sample was comprised of 12990 adolescents from Atlantic Canada whose average age was 15 years and 50% of whom were male. The SOGS-RA performed as well or better with these proxy gold standards than with proxies used in previous studies. We concluded that the proxy gold standards based on self-identified need for or receipt of help represent a pragmatic solution to the lack of an adolescent-specific definition of problem or pathological gambling. Students in grade seven and SOGS-RA scores of 4 or greater were independent predictors of self-identifying a need for help.     

On Core Sorting in RMTS and RMTO Systems: A Newsvendor Framework

Variation in core condition and uncertainty in market demand pose great challenges for remanufacturers to match supply with demand. This article investigates a firm that acquires and remanufactures cores of multiple quality conditions to satisfy demand. Both remanufacturing‐to‐stock (RMTS) and remanufacturing‐to‐order (RMTO) systems are considered. In each system, a sorting operation that resolves the core conditions before remanufacturing may or may not be adopted, leading to four possible sorting/remanufacturing strategies: (1) no sorting in RMTS; (2) sorting in RMTS; (3) no sorting in RMTO; and (4) sorting in RMTO. Under each strategy, we derive the optimal decisions on the acquisition and remanufacturing quantities, in two scenarios, respectively: (i) all acquired cores are remanufacturable and (ii) some cores are non‐remanufacturable. We find that sorting can be completely useless to RMTS system, and thus should never be adopted regardless of the sorting cost. We provide the analytical condition under which this ineffectiveness of sorting occurs. Nevertheless, sorting is always useful to RMTO system and should be adopted when the sorting cost is below a threshold value. We also conduct an extensive numerical study and show that the effects of sorting to RMTO system are more significant than that to RMTS system.     

Urge to Gamble in a Simulated Gambling Environment

Cue reactivity, while increasingly recognized as a central feature of drug and alcohol addiction, is not well studied in gambling. We evaluated the urge to gamble in a simulated casino environment among frequent gamblers who alternated between cycles in which they observed others playing ten hands of Blackjack (first, third and fifth cycle) and cycles in which they played ten hands of Blackjack themselves (second and fourth cycle). The played cycles served as a manipulation for the observed cycles in terms of “priming” (having previously gambled in the environment vs. not) and “anticipation” (expecting more opportunities to gamble in the environment vs. not) and, thus, allowed these conditions: observed cycle 1 = anticipation (+) and prime (−); observed cycle 2 = anticipation (+) and prime (+); and observed cycle 3 = anticipation (−) and prime (+). Subjects’ urge to gamble was greater in the gambling environment than in a neutral setting and both positive anticipation and positive priming increased cue reactivity within the gambling environment. The frequency of gambling outside of the study did not affect cue reactivity. However, a preference for Blackjack (vs. other types of gambling) and observing winning (vs. losing) hands were both associated with stronger cue reactivity in the study. These findings contribute to our understanding of pathological gambling.     

Problem Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence

This study examined the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) among 248 problem gamblers (43 women, 205 men) recruited from newspaper advertisements. The main outcome measures used were the Canadian Problem Gambling Index, the Conflicts Tactics Scale-2, the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, the drug and alcohol section of the Addiction Severity Index and the substance use section of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. In this sample, 62.9% of participants reported perpetrating and/or being the victims of IPV in the past year, with 25.4% reporting perpetrating severe IPV. The majority of the sample (64.5%) also had clinically significant anger problems, which was associated with an increased risk of being both the perpetrator and victim of IPV. The presence of a lifetime substance use disorder among participants who had clinically significant anger problems further increased the likelihood of both IPV perpetration and victimization. These findings underscore the importance of routinely screening gambling clients for anger and IPV, and the need to develop public policy, prevention and treatment programs to address IPV among problem gamblers. Future research to examine IPV among problem gamblers is recommended.     

试析马克思《论犹太人问题》的内在理路

目前,国内外学界对马克思的《论犹太人问题》所做的各种阐释可谓仁者见仁,智者见智。以此通过理论分析的方法,从马克思的文本出发,论述了马克思《论犹太人问题》的内在理路,即如何超越资产阶级的政治解放,最终实现真正的人的解放。厘清这条路径的内容,将对人们看清当代人类的精神文化问题具有启发性意义。     

中国城镇居民收入性别差异

 现有对中国居民收入性别差异的研究都是基于个人收入样本数据,进行收入差异均值分解和歧视定量研究。指数基准问题是横亘其中一道绕不过去的坎。本文基于人们对其收入是否合理进行主观评价的指标,来选择指数基准以深入研究城镇居民收入的性别差异。本文的计算结果显示,按照经典的Blinder-Oaxaca模型和Cotton模型计算,收入的性别歧视被大大低估。