Mapping the changes in management science: A review of ‘soft’ OR/MS articles published in Omega (1973–2008)

The paper proposes a framework to map the development of management science (MS) and uses it to survey the MS literature published in Omega, the International Journal of Management Science. The management science discourse over the last 35 years is mapped in four paradigms: (1) optimisation/normative; (2) interpretative/learning; (3) critical; and (4) a post-modern management science approach. Using a set of keywords and authors’ names associated with the main features of each MS discourse, articles published between 1973 and 2008 are grouped. Results seem to suggest that Omega, a US-based journal, has been mainly developing publications under the optimisation paradigm; only very few papers adhering to the interpretative/learning and critical paradigms have been given space in Omega. The handful of papers from the interpretative paradigm are seen as attempts of UK-based academics to open some space for ‘soft’ operational research (OR) or ‘problem structuring methods’ in a positivistic outlook that seems to pervade US management science practice. Results of the survey and features of MS literature published in Omega are discussed. The paper aims to raise awareness amongst management scientist, systems and operational researchers of the differences between the MS/OR practice in both countries.     

“问题解决”在高校计算机公共课中应用的思考

立足于当前高校计算机基础教学的现状，综合分析了“问题解决”的教学模式，结合实例探讨了其实践应用，以提高教学质量，培养学生信息素养和综合能力。     

工业化时代的住房保障——基于民国时期劳工住宅问题的分析

住宅问题是工业社会中事关民生和社会安全的重要问题,住房保障是城市社会管理创新的重要方面。民国时期住房保障以抗日战争为界,前一阶段视住宅问题为劳工问题的一部分,政府初步探讨了本国的劳工住宅发展思路;后一阶段则视住宅问题为战后社会建设的重要组成部分,视住宅问题为一项集长期性、经常性、基础性等特征于一身的重要社会问题,重新定位住房保障的任务和具体措施,并从立法、政策等方面提出长远解决住宅问题的蓝图。     

Optimal policy for imperfect inspection in discrete time

Abstract

The problem of finding the optimal inspection interval for a fallible system that operates in discrete time when inspection is subject to errors was addressed. A Markov chain model of the system state was developed to formulate the objective function, which is the minimum expected total cost per lime unit. A numerical search procedure was used to find local minima for a representative range of parameter values. The objective function turned out to be quite insensitive to deviations in the inspection interval in the neighbourhood of the minimum, so an approximate method based on curve fitting was developed and tested, yielding good results in the representative range.     

大学生创业问题及对策分析

当前,自主创业成为越来越多大学生的选择。但是在研究中发现,我国大学生创业动机高,行动少;创业教育成果少,问题多;创业机会多,创业环境差。这些问题的解决需要根据成就动机来激发创业动机;通过改善创业教育来培养创业技能;通过营造良好创业环境来支持大学生创业。     

Involving Service Users in a Problem Based Model of Teaching and Learning

Since the introduction of the new degree in social work in the UK, programmes have been developing ways to involve service users, using differing models. This paper will explore how service users can enhance the inquiry based model of teaching and learning while at the same time emphasising the belief that process and content in teaching and learning cannot be separated. It will also show how this approach, by involving service users as consultants, creates expertise and can provide a ‘legitimate constituency’ and thus allow for meaningful participation of service users at all levels of social work education.     

Pathways to Problem Gambling in Seniors

Little is known about problem gambling in older adults, particularly when gambling problems only commence late in life. Knowledge of pathways to later life problem gambling can assist prompt and effective interventions for vulnerable older adults. This study builds on a generic Pathways Model. It proposes routes to problem gambling for individuals aged 55 years and above, with a particular focus on late-life, rather than lifetime problem gambling. Gambling-related risk and protective factors/correlates were extracted from the literature based on the extent to which the studies were senior-specific. Common themes were then identified and classified into 3 main clusters: 1 concerning individual vulnerability factors, a 2nd concerning social and environmental factors, and a 3rd concerning factors affecting behavioural regulation.     

Housing Stability and Problem Gambling: Is There a Relationship?

ABSTRACT

Despite negative consequences, few studies have explored problem-gambling risk and housing stability. This article examined whether gamblers with stable housing would be at lower problem-gambling risk than those with transient/unstable housing. Community-recruited 15- to 85-year-old gamblers (n = 312) provided structured telephone interviews of their gambling problems, substance and psychiatric conditions, and sociodemographics, including current living situations. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition, Text Revision gambling criteria classified three gambling groups. Results show that for every one non-problem gambler, 0.24 subthreshold gamblers experienced stable housing (95% CI = 0.08–0.79). Future research necessitates further delineation of the relationship of housing stability and problem-gambling risk.     

"李约瑟难题"数学问题新解

著名数学史难题:"近代数学为什么没有在中国产生而在西方建立",是"李约瑟难题"的子问题,近三十年来,海内外学者在解释这一数学史难题时,提出了各种观点,但细究起来不难发现,很多观点均存在着不完备性;数学创新的严重缺失是"李约瑟难题"数学问题的部分谜底.     

对"亚当·斯密问题"三个逻辑层面的解读

"亚当·斯密问题"有不同的逻辑层面.在个别层面上,斯密问题是他的经济与伦理学的关系;在特殊层面上,它是资本主义与资本主义伦理的关系;在普遍层面上,它是人类社会的经济与伦理的一般关系.在这些逻辑层面上,斯密问题经历了一个动态发展的历史过程.