核电人因工程研究的辩证思维

马克思主义哲学对核电人因工程研究的发展有着重要的指导作用。核电人因工程是一门多学科交叉学科，文章初步探讨了核电人因工程中三个主要研究内容之间的辩证关系。在具体的研究中需正确处理好局部和整体、变化发展、普遍联系、对立统一、理论与实践的辩证关系，才能真正地认识核电人因工程的发展、变化趋势及其本质规律，只有这样才能保障核电站的安全运行。     

Breaking the Time Barrier

This paper examines the cultural implications of the increasing speed and acceleration of technological operation and development. It takes its cue from the notion originally proposed by Ernst Jünger and later taken up by Maurice Blanchot and, more recently, Bernard Stiegler, that we are ‘breaking the time barrier’. For Stiegler this is happening because ‘technics is evolving faster than culture’. This paper examines the beginnings of this idea in the work of Jünger, Blanchot and others and traces its development in the work of Derrida and Stiegler, particularly in relation to the increasing power and ubiquity of digital networks. Finally it proposes that one response to this situation is to be found in the artistic avant‐garde and in the concept of ‘delay’ originally proposed by Marcel Duchamp and taken up by Jean François Lyotard.     

核不扩散机制的缺陷及面临的挑战

核不扩散机制对防止核扩散、推动核军控与核裁军、维护世界和平与稳定起到了积极作用。但是，由于制度自身的缺陷及其国际形势的发展变化，该机制也面临着严峻的挑战。核不扩散机制的缺陷主要表现在法律规定和国际原子能机构制度的缺陷两个方面；其面临的挑战主要来自科学技术的发展、非主流观点的影响、核大国政策、一些无核国多种考虑和监督检查机制面临的新情况等方面。     

Perceived Nuclear Risk, Organizational Commitment, and Appraisals of Management: A Study of Nuclear Power Plant Personnel

This study examined to what extent nuclear risk perceptions, organizational commitment (OC), and appraisals of management are associated with each other among nuclear power plant personnel. The sample consisted of 428 nuclear power plant workers who completed a questionnaire at their workplace. Perceived nuclear risk and OC were most closely related to the appraisals of the top management of the organization. As the trust in and satisfaction with the top management increased, perceived nuclear safety and acceptance of the organizational goals and values heightened. This result is discussed in the context of industrial safety management.     

An analysis of safety culture attitudes in a highly regulated environment

Culture is a complex construct in organizations, consisting of attitudes, perceptions, values and beliefs, which must necessarily be set in context. Many authors imply that culture is organization-wide and common to all employees. In terms of safety culture, the organizational context may determine its salience and likelihood of affecting behaviour, especially in a highly regulated environment such as the nuclear industry. This study investigates the components of safety culture and how it varies in a highly-regulated nuclear power plant. A 60-item questionnaire measuring safety attitudes and values was administered anonymously to 1550 employees at two plants in the UK nuclear industry, with a 64.7% mean response rate. Principal components analyses revealed six factors conceptually common to shop floor and management (supervisor/manager/professional) groups for both plants, relating to: management style and communication; responsibility and commitment; risk-taking; job satisfaction; complacency; and risk awareness. A canonical discriminant analysis of the items suggested that the data could distinguish three employee groups. The implications of these findings and the proposal that there are two or more safety cultures in the organization is discussed.     

论我国核废料监管制度的再建构

核废料监管制度在核安全制度中具有举足轻重的地位,使用核能的各国基本都构建了相应的核废料监管制度。通过分析我国现存核废料监管制度中的问题与不足,根据涉及核废料监管的国际条约,并结合我国相关法条中有关核废料监管制度的内容,给出该制度在我国再建构的途径,意在进一步完善我国的核废料监管制度。     

Risk Perception Among Nuclear Power Plant Personnel: A Survey

This study investigated risk perception, well-being, and organizational commitment among nuclear power plant personnel. The study group, 428 employees from a nuclear power plant, completed a questionnaire which included the same questions as those in previous surveys on risk perception of lay persons and industrial workers. Hazards at work were not seen as a sizable problem by nuclear power plant personnel. The study group estimated the safety of nuclear power plants better and the possibility of a serious nuclear accident as more unlikely than the general public. Compared to employees in other industrial companies, the overall perceived risks at work among plant personnel did not exceed the respective perceptions of the reference groups. Risk-related attitudes did not explain well-being among plant personnel, but the relationship between the perceived probability of a serious nuclear accident at work and organizational commitment yielded to a significant correlation: Those plant workers who estimated the likelihood of an accident higher were less committed to the organization.     

北京市居民对核电的认知与接受意愿——基于日本核泄漏事故背景下的调查

本文采用结构方程模型分析了在日本福岛核电站核泄漏事故的背景下我国居民对核电的认知状况与接受意愿。结果显示,我国居民对核电相关知识了解水平较低,但关注度和兴趣都比较高;公众对核电的感知价值、感知风险和接受意愿也比较高。根据本文的分析,公众对核电的感知价值对其接受意愿有促进作用,提高感知价值的主要途径包括提高公众对核电的卷入程度和信任度;公众对核电的感知风险对其接受意愿具有显著的负向影响,降低感知风险的主要途径在于提高公众对核电的了解程度。     

奥巴马政府中东战略中的伊朗政策调整

2009年1月20日巴拉克·奥巴马出任美国新一任总统后,为摆脱美国在中东的战略困境,巩固美国在中东地区的领导地位,对于前任乔治·w·布什政府的伊朗政策进行了调整。鉴于之前美国一味打压伊朗的政策收效甚微,奥巴马政府更加倾向于使用外交手段来处理伊朗问题。由于各种因素的限制,奥巴马政府的伊朗外交处于“有进展、难突破”的状态。本文试就奥巴马政府中东战略中的伊朗政策调整进行分析。     

伊朗对核不扩散机制的认知及其根源

尽管伊朗是首批加入《不扩散核武器条约》的国家,但和平利用核能的需求以及作为地区大国对地区主导权的竞逐,使得伊朗追求核开发的意愿极其强烈。伊斯兰革命后,伊朗在战争洗礼中的独特历史体验,国际法在维护其合法权利上的苍白无力,美国在核不扩散机制实施上出尔反尔和双重标准,使得伊朗在强力推进和平利用核能的同时,国家内部亦存在着挑战不扩散机制的强烈动能,也使得无论是强制外交,还是有限的激励措施,都难以从根本上逆转伊朗加速推进核开发的势头。伊朗对于核开发的执着追求,要求西方国家必须深刻反思伊朗挑战不扩散机制背后的深层根源,并作出相应的战略调整。