论政治权力与政治权利关系的二重性

政治权力与政治权利是对立统一的互动关系,其对立性主要表现为两者在权限划分与配置上的反比例关系和两者在政治运行中的双向互控;其统一性表现为两者的相互依存和相互转化。两者对立性和统一性的基础和根源,表明两者关系的实质是公共利益与个体利益的关系问题。政治权力与政治权利的关系及其历史演变表明,两者的关系通常呈现出三大规律性特点,即政治权利的范围日趋扩大,政治权力的范围日趋缩小;两者关系日趋法制化、明晰化;两者的关系表现为一个动态的平衡过程。正确理解和把握两者的关系及其规律性特点具有重要的意义。     

Managing Nuclear Waste from Power Plants

National strategies to manage nuclear waste from commercial nuclear power plants are analyzed and compared. The current strategy is to try to operate a repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to dispose of high-level nuclear waste underground. The main alternatives involve temporary above-ground storage at a centralized facility or next to nuclear power plants. If either of these is pursued now, the analysis assumes that a repository will be built in 2100 for waste not subsequently put to use. The analysis treats various uncertainties: whether a repository at Yucca Mountain would be licensed, possible theft and misuse of the waste, innovations in repository design and waste management, the potential availability of a cancer cure by 2100, and possible future uses of nuclear waste. The objectives used to compare alternatives include concerns for health and safety, environmental and socioeconomic impacts, and direct economic costs, as well as equity concerns (geographical, intergenerational, and procedural), indirect economic costs to electricity ratepayers, federal government responsibility to manage nuclear waste, and implications of theft and misuse of nuclear waste. The analysis shows that currently building an underground repository at Yucca Mountain is inferior to other available strategies by the equivalent of $10,000 million to $50,000 million. This strongly suggests that this policy should be reconsidered. A more detailed analysis using the framework presented would help to define a new national policy to manage nuclear waste.     

古代印度土地所有制及其历史启示

古代印度的土地制度是村社或国家所有,实质是王有而不是奴隶主个人私有。古代印度的农村公社,同样经历了共同耕作到各个家庭长期使用的发展阶段。古代印度属亚细亚生产方式。     

颠覆与抑制:《李尔王》中的权力话语

新历史主义较多关注权力的争斗,本文从新历史主义角度出发,分析了"颠覆"和"抑制"两种力量在莎士比亚悲剧《李尔王》中的交织作用。"颠覆"在莎剧中起到使人们蔑视权威、质疑权力的本质作用,而"抑制"在作品中起到的社会功能是附带的、次要的。同时指出"颠覆"和"抑制"有其成熟的一方面,也有其不完善的地方。     

新官绅及乡镇权力结构——以浙江省海宁县长安镇为中心

近代乡村社会的权力格局与传统社会大不相同,突出表现为现代社会中新阶层的出现以及现代国家政权的建设直接影响到乡村社会的权力结构。控制乡村社会的精英不再是传统士绅,而是随着国家行政体系的延伸而形成的新阶层。浙江省海宁县长安镇张铁民作为抗战以后的一名新官绅,利用自身的亲属关系网络和国民党员的政治身份,确立了在乡镇中的权威地位。国民党县党部通过非组织形式控制乡镇新官绅,插手乡镇事务,在一定程度上掌握了乡村社会的领导权。基层组织的薄弱特征决定了国民党在控制乡村社会的同时,无法利用行政手段从根本上削弱地方权威的影响和地位。在战争的动荡中,国民党未能为新官绅提供足够的利益保障,新官绅与乡村社会同时走向国民政府的反面。     

太平天国时期中央与地方权力再分配格局的形成

太平天国时期,中央与地方出现了权力再分配的格局。在太平天国的沉重打击下,清政府不得不实行放权督抚的政策,允许地方进行自救。清政府这种政策调整的结果,造成国家权力由中央到地方的逐渐下移,以皇权为核心的中央集权体制逐渐为以督抚为核心的地方分权体制所代替,晚清内轻外重局面基本形成。     

Women’s Employment Status,Coercive Control,and Intimate Partner Violence in Mexico

Findings from previous studies examining the relation between women’s employment and the risk of intimate partner violence have been mixed. Some studies find greater violence toward women who are employed, whereas others find the opposite relation or no relation at all. I propose a new framework in which a woman’s employment status and her risk of violent victimization are both influenced by the level of control exercised by her partner. Controlling men will actively prevent women from working and are also more likely to physically harm their partners. Using a statistical model in which the effect of omitted characteristics on women’s employment and their risk of violence are allowed to be correlated reverses the estimated association between employment and violence. The final results show that employment reduces women’s risk of violence. Data for the study are drawn from a sample of over 30,000 Mexican women in intimate relationships. The findings have broad implications given the increase in female labor force participation in many parts of the world.     

农村土地制度创新的主体设计与动力分析

制度创新绩效的大小在很大程度上取决于制度创新主体的设计及其创新动力的强弱。我国农村土地制度创新主体结构的理想格局应该是:政府宏观创新主体、中观创新主体与农户微观创新主体的有机耦合;农村土地制度创新动力也应体现为宏观动力、中观动力与微观动力的协调运行。     

暂态电能质量分析中的小波算法及应用

针对当前电力系统存在的暂态电能质量中持续时间短、发生随机性大及不容易检测的特点,提出了基于C语言的小波算法检测暂态电能质量的方法.研究结果表明,小波变换能在时域上对电压暂态瞬时变动的发生时刻进行准确定位,并可利用相应控制系统有效改善电能质量.     

权力话语对20世纪70-90年代中国翻译活动的影响

20世纪70—90年代是一个特殊的历史时期,出现了中国翻译史上的第四次翻译高潮。本文以这一特殊历史时期为分析对象,借用米歇尔·福柯的权力话语理论,从宏观的角度分析社会历史、意识形态和文化对20世纪70—90年代中国翻译活动的影响,以揭示翻译活动的社会性。