抗战时期华北沧陷区的粮荒成因分析

华北沦陷区在抗战时期面临严重粮荒,城乡缺粮特别严重。造成这种粮荒的最主要原因是日本帝国主义挑起的侵略战争和日本对沦陷区耕地、劳动力等基本生产要素掠夺造成的粮食产量下降,太平洋战争爆发后进口粮食减少和日本在占领区的粮食政策又加剧了沦陷区的粮荒。     

The purchaser/provider separation in child and family social work: Implications for service delivery and for the role of the social worker

This paper discusses some of the findings from a research study that was carried out in 1995. The study aimed to examine the implications of the use of the purchaser/provider separation (and associated care management processes) in social work with children and families, focusing on the effects of separation on service delivery and on the role of the social worker. The research involved two stages: a telephone survey (to gather quantitative data about the prevalence of organizational separation in England and qualitative data about perceived advantages and disadvantages of separation) and a single exploratory case study in a Local Authority Social Services Department.
The paper is concerned primarily with the case study findings. It begins by locating organizational separation within a social policy context. This is followed by an overview of the existing literature on the implications of the purchaser/provider separation and care management for service delivery and for the social work role. The methods and key findings for the telephone survey and the case study are then described. Analysis of the case study data suggested that separation in this setting could be understood along three dimensions: efficient processing versus delays; control of the work and work processes versus lack of control; and clarity of role and task versus duplication. The paper ends with a discussion of the study's main conclusion – that the purchaser/provider separation in child and family work may introduce benefits of specialization whilst also bringing problems associated with fragmentation of the traditional social work role.     

坚持民族文化传统 依靠自主科技创新 推进馒头生产经营产业化

馒头是由中国人发明、发展的一类发酵面团汽蒸食品,具有鲜明的民族文化特色,但其生产经营尚未完全实现工业化、现代化。中国应该坚定自己的文化选择,坚持本民族的食品文化传统,以馒头作为重要主食发展更为营养、安全、健康的主食体系。发展馒头主食产业必须立足于社会经济发展的需要,通过加强自主科技创新,以适应食品消费特点的研究来引领相关工艺和设备的研究开发工作。     

集配货一体化VRP问题的具记忆功能的模拟退火算法研究

针对集配货一体化车辆路径问题的特性,建立了考虑配送车辆出行固定成本、车辆出发满载系数等因素的更加符合实际的数学模型;并设计了一种带记忆功能的模拟退火算法求解模型,确保输出结果是每次寻优的最优解;最后通过算例计算,结果表明,算法求解更优,稳定性更好,计算效率也较高。     

转基因食品安全性的人类健康伦理原则探析

随着转基因食品在全球的迅猛发展,学者和公众对它的安全性表示了极大的关注。转基因食品是否危害人类健康,一直是人们所担心的事。作者运用伦理学的基本原则对支持和反对两种观点进行了分析,提出对转基因食品应该采取“有罪推定”的战略。     

食用菌实体多糖的提取工艺研究和保健作用探讨

从食用菌实体经热水浸提,去蛋白乙醇沉淀,离心,SpehadexG75柱层进一步纯化,得到多糖纯品,不同种类食用菌多糖含有不同的多糖组分,是重要的生物反应调节剂,而且抗肿瘤作用的研究日益增多,其增强机体的免疫功能,无毒性等特色,是一种较好的“扶正培本”的抗肿瘤药物。其抗体机理各具特点,现就部分食用菌抗肿瘤机理简要介绍     

全球转基因食品研究最新进展及对策

概述了作为食品应用的转基因生物的国内外研究进展及推广应用情况,纵观全球转基因食品的发展态势及各国政府对发展转基因食品的态度,对我省应当如何开展转基因技术研究和发展转基因食品产业提出相应的对策。     

紫外分光光度法测定食品中香兰素的含量

采用紫外分光光度法测定食品中香兰素的含量。研究了pH值、溶剂、缓冲体系、表面活性剂等对吸收光谱和吸光度的影响。结果表明：以乙醇为溶荆，在pH值为8.0的NaHCO3-NaOH冲体系中，在不添加表面活性剂的条件下测定食品中香兰素的含量，线性方程为y=0.1167x＋0.2542，线性相关系数R=0.9992，线性范围为0.40-12.00mg／L。平均回收率大于97.0％，RSD小于2.0％，说明该方法结果可靠，重现性好。     

The city in the country: Growing alternative food networks in Metropolitan areas

Alternative food networks (AFNs) are commonly defined by attributes such as the spatial proximity between farmers and consumers, the existence of retail venues such as farmers markets, community supported agriculture (CSA) and a commitment to sustainable food production and consumption. Focusing upon processes rather than attributes, this paper identifies two place-based processes that both promote and constrain the emergence and development of AFNs. Urbanization and rural restructuring are critical to the development of AFNs. AFNs are not a “thing” to be described, but rather emerge from political, cultural and historical processes. The interactions of urbanization and rural restructuring produce AFNs that are differentiated and marked by uneven development that does not necessarily support all farmers participating in the network. This indicates both the fragility and the dynamism inherent in AFNs that are tied to metropolitan development and change. Paradoxically, increasing urban demand for seasonal, and organic produce grown ‘close to home’ and the processes of rural restructuring which emphasize small-scale sustainable family farming and its direct food linkages to cities do not necessarily enable all farmers to consistently make a living from season to season. Evidence for these claims comes from an in-depth, qualitative case study reliant upon participant observation, in-depth interviews and draws from a statewide farmer survey and a regional consumer survey in Washington State.     

我国退耕还林政策的实施对粮食安全的影响

在运用国家统计局统计数据的基础上，分析了1998—2005年我国粮食产量的变动情况。同时利用国家林业局出版的2002—2005年度全国重点林业工程社会经济效益监测数据，分析了退耕还林对粮食播种面积、粮食产量的影响。本文认为，在短期内，退耕还林工程导致了粮食产量的减少，但在长期内，退耕还林将对我国的粮食产量以及粮食安全产生积极的影响。