European Public Perceptions of Food Risk: Cross-National and Methodological Comparisons

This article presents a comparative study of public perceptions of food risk across 25 European member states. A secondary data analysis is conducted on a Eurobarometer survey fielded to nationally representative samples in 2005. The survey included closed questions as well as free associations to map risk perceptions. Taking a quantitative approach, we find that people in a majority of European countries express similar levels of concern about food risks. However, outside this majority a North-South divide is evident, with the Northern countries worrying less than the Southern countries. Multilevel modeling shows that cross-national differences in individual respondents' level of worry are in part attributable to shared country effects and to generalized risk sensitivity about a range of personal risks. On the underlying structure of food risk concerns, factor analysis points to three dimensions described by groupings of risks related to adulteration and contamination, health effects, and production and hygiene. A qualitative analysis of respondents' free associations about problems and risks with food identifies three major themes that are consistent with the quantitative results. However, the free associations also point toward greater cross-national diversity and to striking variations in the range and importance of food risks. Overall, the picture is of a public that frames food risks in a wider context of beliefs about the links between diet and health. We conclude with some implications for research on food risk perceptions in particular and risk perception studies in general.     

浅谈中国共产党历史上关于清真食品的三个重要官方标准

本文简要介绍了中国共产党历史上的三个重要清真食品标准性文件,以此说明党的民族平等政策的真实性和连续性。     

Food fights: irritating for social change among Auckland's alternative food initiatives

ABSTRACT

This article explores alternative food initiatives (AFI) and their performances of benign transgression. Through collaborative activist-and-academic-storytelling we tease apart the divergent practices of AFIs to question what mediates these performances in the grey area between conventional and alternative practice. Grounded examples of AFIs performing alternative economy and related acts of ‘irritant’ civil disobedience show how subverting normative practices of power and authority can catalyse social reproduction of difference, and tangibly alter the conventional food system.     

基于行业调研的高职食品类专业毕业生就业分析

中国已是世界第一大啤酒产销国,只有规模化发展和发挥食品生物技术在行业中的应用才能在行业立足。未来产品会向多样化发展,进出口数量及金额会日趋增大,企业将需要更多配合研发人员完成研发和基层技术岗位的一般技术人员和能开拓海外市场的专业人才。高职食品生物技术专业需要加强针对酒类酿造行业的专业建设。     

孝道与唐代人的衣食住行

孝道伦理广泛渗透到唐代人的社会生活之中,在衣食住行的方式上均有所体现。通过梳理及文献,发现子女需要尽心竭力地为父母长辈提供充足食物,并结合父母长辈的身体状况,合理搭配饮食;子女要将最好的衣服留给父母长辈,同时子女着装有礼仪要求;子女要尽可能地与父母长辈累世同居,并在居长期间有特殊要求;父母在时,子女尽量不远行,出行时要尊敬长辈,并为老者提供方便。可见,唐人的衣食住行方式总体遵循了尊长优先、便于行孝的原则。     

Consumer Confidence in the Safety of Food and Newspaper Coverage of Food Safety Issues: A Longitudinal Perspective

This study develops a longitudinal perspective on consumer confidence in the safety of food to explore if, how, and why consumer confidence changes over time. In the first study, a theory-based monitoring instrument for consumer confidence in the safety of food was developed and validated. The monitoring instrument assesses consumer confidence together with its determinants. Model and measurement invariance were validated rigorously before developments in consumer confidence in the safety of food and its determinants were investigated over time. The results from the longitudinal analysis show that across four waves of annual data collection (2003–2006), the framework was stable and that the relative importance of the determinants of confidence was, generally, constant over time. Some changes were observed regarding the mean ratings on the latent constructs. The second study explored how newspaper coverage of food safety related issues affects consumer confidence in the safety of food through subjective consumer recall of food safety incidents. The results show that the newspaper coverage on food safety issues is positively associated with consumer recall of food safety incidents, both in terms of intensity and recency of media coverage.     

Designing flavors for mass consumption

Abstract

In the increasingly competitive market for processed foods after the Second World War, flavor assumed new importance in product design and development as companies struggled to gain advantage and entice repeat buyers. This paper examines the flavor profile, a novel sensory evaluation method developed by chemists at Arthur D. Little, Inc. (ADL), the storied Cambridge, MA consulting firm. Introduced in 1949, the flavor profile claimed to offer a reliable way of measuring and describing the subjective sensory qualities of products. Drawing extensively on archival material, I document the circumstances surrounding the development of the flavor profile at ADL, examine its uses, and consider the conditions that led to its widespread adoption by the food industry. By considering the flavor profile as both a scientific instrument for flavor measurement, and a practical tool for flavor design and development, I hope to illuminate a dark corner in the history of food industrialization: the values, ideologies, and contingencies that shaped how foods were made to taste in the postwar period.     

对食品安全的再认识

食品安全影响面广,危害严重。本文分析了导致食品安全问题的因素,食品安全的特殊性,并着重分析了引起食品安全问题的原因,最后提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国传统养生文化的传承与发展探究

中国传统养生文化源远流长,是中华民族优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。然而,在生产方式变革、社会、经济和政治不断发展的综合作用下,我国传统养生文化传承与发展也遇到了新的问题。文章着重从中国传统养生文化的起源与形成、呈现形式、传统养生文化传承与发展中的问题及对策和建议四个方面进行深入剖析。对解决当代传统养生文化传承与发展中遇到的问题,推进中国传统养生文化的发展,弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化具有重要的理论与现实意义。     

Changing faces: the story of two Canadian street youth shelters

This study addresses the relationship between street youth shelters and formal child welfare systems in Toronto, Canada. Two case examples, Covenant House (CH) and Youth Without Shelter (YWS), are examined through archival material, participant observations and structured interviews with 21 front-line and managerial shelter workers. The findings suggest that both shelters have formed reciprocal and unequal partnerships with formal child-welfare organisations. The consequences of such an arrangement are threefold: (1) CH and YWS no longer possess an internal environment to support traditional street youths; (2) both shelters have strayed from their original intentions; and (3) many shelter workers express frustration within this dynamic. Several recommendations are put forward to support the survival of youth shelters: advocating increased government daily rates; seeking a balance between building a legitimate public image and an alternative street youth reputation; making every effort to house hard-core street youths; and building innovative internal programmes to act as referral points.