论《地之国》的创伤写作

约瑟夫·奥尼尔的《地之国》是近年来最出色的“后9.11”文学作品之一。小说表现了“9.11”事件给美国普通民众,尤其是纽约人造成的形形色色的个人心理创伤。奥尼尔在表现创伤的过程中,也探讨了应对和克服创伤的策略,并对美国政府在创伤形成中所扮演的角色进行了强烈的批判。     

O2O模式下消费者对零售商的双重伦理感知

零售商的伦理问题直接影响着消费者的购买行为并制约着零售业的长久发展。通过问卷调查,开发在O2O背景下测量消费者对传统零售商店和网络商店的伦理感知量表,得出双渠道中影响消费者伦理感知的因子主要包括诚信度、企业责任、顾客价值、公平竞争及公平交易。同时,通过Pearson相关分析法发现消费者对传统零售商店的伦理感知会显著影响对其网络商店的伦理感知,采用单样本T检验法分析得出同一零售商消费者对传统实体店和网络商店的伦理感知水平不存在显著差异的结论,从而为规模大且知名度高的传统零售实体店采取高水平的伦理战略提供理论基础。     

PRODUCT MARKET REGULATION,FIRM SELECTION,AND UNEMPLOYMENT

This paper analyzes the effect of product market regulation (PMR) on unemployment in a search model with heterogeneous multiple‐worker firms. In our setup, PMR modifies the distribution of firm productivities, thereby affecting the equilibrium rate of unemployment. We distinguish between PMR related to entry costs and PMR that generates recurrent fixed costs. We find that: (i) higher entry costs raise the rate of unemployment mainly through our novel selection effect, (ii) higher fixed costs decrease unemployment through the selection effect and increase it through the competition effect analyzed in Blanchard and Giavazzi (2003, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 879–907). Firm heterogeneity magnifies the impact of both types of regulatory costs. We propose econometric evidence consistent with the unemployment effects of sunk versus recurring costs.     

ARTIFICIAL STATES

We define artificial states as those in which political borders do not coincide with a division of nationalities desired by the people on the ground. We propose and compute for most countries in the world two measures of the degree to which borders may be artificial. One measures how borders split ethnic groups into two separate adjacent countries. The other measures the straightness of land borders, under the assumption the straight land borders are more likely to be artificial. We then show that these two measures are correlated with several measures of political and economic success.     

EXTERNALITIES IN PROGRAM EVALUATION: THE IMPACT OF A WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION

Impact evaluations of development programs usually do not explicitly take into account externalities on non‐participants. Based on a unique dataset we estimate the direct as well as the spillover effects of Mahila Samakhya, a women's empowerment program in India, on child immunization. The survey covers both participants and non‐participants in program villages, as well as respondents in control villages. We account for participation selection bias using instrumental variables. We propose a direct test for the exclusion restriction using the control villages. We find both direct effects on the immunization rates of participants’ children and significant spillovers on immunization rates of non‐participants’ children. The impact of interventions might be substantially underestimated if such external effects were not taken into account. Alternative estimation methods such as propensity score matching and a regression discontinuity approach yield comparable results.     

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION,POLITICAL INTEGRATION OR BOTH?

We study the effects of economic and political integration by presenting a model in which firms compete with each other in both an economic market—where they produce a good and compete for market share—and in a political (rent seeking) market—where they compete for transfers from the government. Growth is driven by firms’ cost‐reducing innovation activity and economic and political integration affect firms’ incentive to innovate differently. In this setting, economic and political integration can be seen as complementary. Economic integration, when not accompanied by political integration, can lead to less innovation and slower growth as firms respond to increased competition in the economic market by focusing more on rent‐seeking activity. When economic integration is accompanied by political integration, innovation and growth will be stronger and welfare higher.     

从分裂人格看尤金·奥尼尔的身份叙事

奥尼尔戏剧充分揭示身份的可塑性特征,挑战并解构权力话语对身份本质和本体特征的规定,演示了身份变化的过程。《大神布朗》揭示了布朗分裂的、非连贯的人格;《无穷岁月》中约翰.洛文两个分裂自我的对白实际上是相互矛盾的本我和自我的冲突。     

Gender attitudes in the Arab region – The role of framing and priming effects

Most evidence on survey response effects is based in the Western world. We use data from two randomized experiments built into a nation-wide representative household survey in Tunisia to analyze the effects of framing and priming on responses to gender attitudes in the Arab context. Our first experiment shows that questions on attitudes towards decision-making power when framed in an equality frame reduce responses in favor of gender inequality. In our second experiment we find that responses to attitudes towards domestic violence are susceptible to an audio primer. Oral statistical information about the incidence of domestic violence in Tunisia increases disapproval of domestic violence among the male subsample further, but does not affect women. In terms of impact heterogeneity, we find mixed results for treatment interventions interacting with the gender of the interviewer and the interviewer’s perceived religiosity.     

Replication with MTurk of the experimental design by Gangadharan,Grossman, Jones & Leister (2018): Charitable giving across donor types

Understanding the motivations behind charitable giving and the identification of donor types have aroused growing interest among researchers. The economic literature has highlighted the model of pure altruist and subsequently the more realistic model of impure altruist or warm-glow giver. The need to distinguish and empirically identify these types of donors has given rise to some economic experiments. This paper - using the platform by Amazon's Mechanical Turk with a large sample of participants (N = 1062) - shows the findings of a near replication of the experimental design by Gangadharan et al. (2018). Results are consistent with the original study and confirm the validity of the procedure and the ability to replicate a critical feature of the original design.     

Financial efficiency and accounting quality: The impact of institutional micro-factors on FDI

In this paper, we explore whether factors such as financial markets and accounting qualities contribute to foreign direct investment (FDI). We use a unique data source: the survey data from World Economic Forum, to measure the efficiency of the financial markets and the quality of accounting standards. With this unique data, we demonstrate that financial markets and accounting quality are important factors of FDI inflow into a country. In particular, FDI is positively correlated with the strength of financial audits and reporting standards and venture capital availability for all countries. We also show that accounting quality measures are more important for developing and emerging countries than for developed countries. On the other hand, financial market measures, especially the access to venture capital, have a bigger impact in attracting FDI flow into developed countries. These results support the hypothesis that local financial markets and accounting quality affect FDI. The results have strong policy implications for governmental regulatory agencies.