渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动机制探讨

为促进国家级连片贫困地区经济协调健康发展,武陵山经济协作区产生,但受体制机制约束,渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动存在一些深层次问题。只有从特殊区情出发,构建渝鄂湘黔交界民族地区经济联动机制,才能促进该地区经济协调健康发展。     

供需未匹配的多车场多车型多货品可拆分取送货车辆路径问题

取送货车辆路径问题在多点调拨系统普遍存在,属于NP-hard问题。该问题研究通常需考虑车场数、车型种类、货品种类、客户服务次数等诸多因素,已有文献多假设客户间供需已匹配、单车场、单车型、单货品和取送货需求一次性满足,优化目标多设置为总路径最短。而从企业运营实践来看,运输方案不仅要规划客户间访问路径,还需进行客户间供需匹配;运输成本不仅与运距有关,还涉及运输货品的重量和派车成本;运输网络中多车场、多车型和多货品更加常见,且客户需求量往往大于车辆装载能力。因此,本文首次尝试基于"运距×运量"的车辆路径成本和基于额定吨位的固定派车成本之和最小为优化目标,建立同时考虑多车场、多车型、多货品、客户间供需未匹配和需求可拆分的取送货车辆路径问题模型,并设计基于大规模邻域搜索的迭代局部搜索求解算法。该算法采用基于运输效率提升的贪婪思想来快速构建高质量初始可行解,并通过引入四种移除算子、两种修复算子和车场车型调整优化策略形成大规模可行搜索邻域以增强全局寻优能力。基于18个文献算例和6个企业实例的数值实验结果表明：1）本文提出的算法在求解质量和求解效率方面均优于相关文献中的算法;2）相对人工调拨方案,本文设计的方案能够帮助企业节约33%的运输成本和21%的车次。本研究不仅可拓展取送货车辆路径问题现有理论,而且可为企业实际运营提供决策支持。     

WSNs中基于协作通信的分簇路由算法研究

针对无线传感器网络数据信息传输可靠性,提出一种无线传感器网络中基于协作通信的分簇路由算法。该算法主要对分簇、簇间路由和簇内路由三个阶段进行了设计,依据信噪比寻找满足网络数据传输可靠性的最佳路由,实现源节点和目的节点之间的协作通信。仿真结果表明,无线传感器网络中基于协作通信的分簇路由算法能够有效地优化网络路径,提高频谱利用率,增强数据信息传输的可靠性。     

“3＋1”教学模式给高校带来的思考及启迪

随着市场经济的快速发展,高校建设与经济发展的关系愈来愈密切,为了实现＂走自主创新之路,建设创新型国家＂的发展战略,满足企业对学校在人才培养等方面提出的更高的要求,高校必须培养出具有创新型、宽口径的＂零适应期＂人才。＂3＋1＂教学模式是对人才培养模式的新尝试,它注重高校人才实践能力的发掘和培养。该模式与传统教学模式的主要区别在于,大学前3年完成本科的基本学习任务,大学第四年进行创新实践锻炼。文章以东北大学秦皇岛分校＂3＋1＂教学改革为例,展开讨论,探索一条具有特色的人才培养之路。     

Using GIS in Risk Analysis: A Case Study of Hazardous Waste Transport

This paper provides an illustration of how a geographic information system (GIS) can be used in risk analysis. It focuses on liquid hazardous waste transport and utilizes records archived by the London Waste Regulatory Authority. This data source provides information on the origin and destination of each waste stream, but not the route followed during transport. A GIS was therefore employed to predict the paths used, taking into account different routing criteria and characteristics of the available road network. Details were also assembled on population distribution and ground-water vulnerability, thus providing a basis for evaluating the potential consequences of a waste spillage during transport. Four routing scenarios were implemented to identify sections of road which consistently saw heavy traffic. These simulations also highlighted that some interventions could lead to risk tradeoffs rather than hazard mitigation. Many parts of the research would not have been possible without a GIS, and the study demonstrates the considerable potential of such software in environmental risk assessment and management.     

Value-Based Routing and Preference-Based Routing in Customer Contact Centers

Telephone call centers and their generalizations—customer contact centers—usually handle several types of customer service requests (calls). Since customer service representatives (agents) have different call-handling abilities and are typically cross-trained in multiple skills, contact centers exploit skill-based routing (SBR) to assign calls to appropriate agents, aiming to respond properly as well as promptly. Established agent-staffing and SBR algorithms ensure that agents have the required call-handling skills and that call routing is performed so that constraints are met for standard congestion measures, such as the percentage of calls of each type that abandon before starting service and the percentage of answered calls of each type that are delayed more than a specified number of seconds. We propose going beyond traditional congestion measures to focus on the expected value derived from having particular agents handle various calls. Expected value might represent expected revenue or the likelihood of first-call resolution. Value might also reflect agent call-handling preferences. We show how value-based routing (VBR) and preference-based routing (PBR) can be introduced in the context of an existing SBR framework, based on static-priority routing using a highly-structured priority matrix, so that constraints are still met for standard congestion measures. Since an existing SBR framework is used to implement VBR and PBR, it is not necessary to replace the automatic call distributor (ACD). We show how mathematical programming can be used, with established staffing requirements, to find a desirable priority matrix. We select the priority matrix to use during a specified time interval (e.g., 30-minute period) by maximizing the total expected value over that time interval, subject to staffing constraints.     

基于自感应蚁群算法的VRPSDP问题研究

同时供货和取货的车辆路径问题是车辆路径问题的重要组成部分之一,问题的复杂性使得目前的主要求解方法局限于各种插入式启发算法。本文引用了近年来出现的蚁群算法,并通过对蚂蚁行为的深入研究,首次提出了感应因子、期望程度因子、距离性比因子以及加速因子的概念,在信息素更新方面融入了当前路径的距离特征,构建了一种全新的自感应蚁群算法。该方法充分利用全局分布的信息素感应信息,并且根据车辆容量支配值以及节点间距和节点-中心点间距性比进行状态转移,利用信息素更新公式中加速因子的动态调节有效地解决了算法快速收敛与陷入局部最优的矛盾。仿真试验证明了自感应蚁群算法的有效性,同时,该算法也拓展了车辆路径问题的算法空间。     

电子商务下基于改进两阶段算法的有时间窗车辆调度优化

为满足电子商务下的物流配送需求,将传统车辆调度模型进行修改,将目标函数改为基于费用最小,在约束条件中增加时间约束、货物容积约束、车辆最大工作时间、多种车型、载重量限制和最大行驶距离等,以提高模型的适用性和通用性。由于有时间窗的车辆调度问题是NP难问题,采用改进两阶段算法进行求解。即第一阶段用模糊分层聚类法将客户群分成若干区域,在每个区域又用扫描算法分解成若干符合约束条件的小规模子集;第二个阶段对各个分组内客户点,就是一个个单独TSPTW模型的线路优化问题,因此,采用改进混合遗传算法进行优化求解,最后的算例仿真表明了算法的有效性和可行性。     

回载可分的闭环供应链多配送中心多车辆运输策略

本文从车辆路径的角度研究了具有多个配送中心、多台车辆结合前向物流配送和逆向物流回载的闭环供应链运输策略,考虑回收产品的不同形态和可分批运输的特点,引入库存限制和成本惩罚,建立并分析了问题的数学模型.运用sweep算法把多配送中心转化为单配送中心,引入2σ原则构造了分组的启发式求解方法.算例分析表明该策略的合理有效性.     

求解QoS组播路由问题的改进蚂蚁算法

蚂蚁算法是一种相对较新的启发式方法，通过模拟蚂蚁的觅食行为，提出了求解QoS组播路由问题的改进蚂蚁算法。仿真实验表明，该算法能以较高速度收敛，有效地解决QoS组播路由问题。