职业教育方法的探索

职业学校的学生学习基础相对较差,学习积极性不高；而社会上长期存在的轻视职业教育的观念。更使不少职校生存在自卑和消极的心理,不利于他们的健康成长。职业学校的教学该如何开展?怎样才能改变现状提高教学质量?本文从解决问题的角度出发,结合教师自身的工作经验,分析职业学校学生们普遍存在的心理,探讨一些激发他们学习积极性的切合实际的教学方法。     

试析体育教学中伤害事故的法律责任承担

体育教学中发生伤害事故,造成学生身体伤害,应由谁来承担责任?本文从民法的基本原理出发.讨论了学校、体育教师和学生各自承担伤害事故法律责任的问题.     

Responses to birth trauma and prevalence of posttraumatic stress among Australian midwives

Background

Midwives frequently witness traumatic birth events. Little is known about responses to birth trauma and prevalence of posttraumatic stress among Australian midwives.

Variation in job opportunities for men and women in the Swiss labor market 1962–1989

For the period of the 1960s to the late 1980s, this paper examines variation in job opportunities for men and women in the occupationally segmented and highly gender-segregated Swiss labor market. Job opportunities are defined as the volume of job openings potentially accessible to individuals with given skills and other desired characteristics. They are conceptualized within the queuing approach, taking into account the structure and cyclical fluctuations of the Swiss labor market.     

贵州省人口受教育程度对职业分层的影响及其关联度

根据贵州省第五次人口普查及2005年1％人口抽样数据,分析了就业人口受教育程度对职业分层的影响,并运用灰色模型对二者的关联程度进行了量化分析。结果表明：贵州省就业人口受教育程度与其职业分层具有明显的关联性。人口的平均受教育水平普遍偏低,使得从事体力劳动职业人口占有绝对数量,这已成为人口职业高移化的严重障碍。因此,加大教育发展力度,特别是加大职业技术教育投入,提高就业人口受教育程度,已成为当前贵州面临的一个重要课题。     

平绥铁路与人口迁移及其职业变迁

平绥铁路开通后,呈现出明显的现代性效应:铁路沿线各地工商业空前繁荣、城镇人口急剧增加,城镇规模发展迅速;同时,也大大便利和吸引了人口的迁移,促进了西北地区垦殖业的发展;同时,铁路所创造的对新型的劳动力需求,促进了沿线许多人职业角色的转换。     

Work-Related Road Safety: An Analysis Based on U.K. Bus Driver Performance

The effects of age and experience on accident involvement for bus drivers were investigated, with special emphasis upon the first years of being an operator, using two methods. First, direct calculations between these variables were undertaken. Thereafter, a variant of the method of quasi-induced exposure (a ratio of culpable versus nonculpable accidents in the population) was used and referred to as the indirect method. These methods yielded fairly similar results, given that the samples used were drawn from the same population but only partly overlapping. It was found that experience had the strongest effect on accidents in the first year of driving, while age had a u-shaped association with accidents, that is, young and old drivers had more accidents, something that was more apparent when experience was held constant. These results show that, for bus drivers, experience is initially more important than age, but after two or three years, the effect is small. Thereafter, age is the more discernible variable, although it is a very weak factor in predicting crash risk.     

Occupational status benefits of studying abroad and the role of occupational specificity – A propensity score matching approach

Occupational status benefits of student mobility remain uncertain, despite increasing interest in the implications of international student mobility for the reproduction of societal inequality. Since mobile young people are a selective group in terms of socio-economic and achievement-oriented factors, we apply propensity score techniques to test whether German higher education graduates who did or did not study abroad differ in occupational status (based on the Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status) three years after graduation. Analyses are based on multi-cohort representative data of the German population (Working and Learning in a Changing World). Results confirm a positively biased effect of mobility on early career occupational status driven by compositional differences. Subgroup analyses show that even when accounting for this bias, occupational status returns to mobility are positive for those graduating in occupationally unspecific fields of study. There are no returns for those graduating in occupationally specific fields of study. Findings also suggest that the effect of studying abroad is not homogeneous across the study population. Individuals less likely to study abroad are at the same time more likely to reap the occupational benefits from this experience.     

Mapping social milieus and cohesion patterns between 1997 and 2014. Exploiting the potential of the occupational position generator

The study joins the stream of the social network approach attempting to look beyond micro-level association patterns towards macro-structural modeling. Utilizing the versatility of the occupational position generator technique for measuring network resources generally related to hierarchical aspects, an attempt is made to apply the tool for horizontal targets. Furthermore, with some conceptual transfer, the paper applies the distinction between omnivorous and univorous patterns of symbolic selectivity to nexus choice as well. The comparative investigation relies on data from four Hungarian national surveys from the 1990s on, using 19 items of the position generator to measure network resources. Exploratory and confirmative factor analyses reveal four dimensions of occupational milieus; Goodman RC modeling outlines two organizing axes behind them interpreted in network terms as status and betweenness centrality. Latent class analysis results in a five-element typology with both vertical and horizontal features. The findings point to the stability, in some respects to the increase of gaps between various segments along the social ladder. As concerns the cultural aspect, returns on relational selectivity indicate some fading or even reversal of the omnivorous trend in contemporary Hungary; both tendencies suggesting some growth of distances between milieus with the related problems of social cohesion.     

A media framing analysis of a U.S. presidential advisor: Alternative flacks

Political public relations became headline news when Kellyanne Conway, Advisor to U.S. President Trump, described provable falsehoods as alternative facts. Other memorable/misstatements became part of the cultural zeitgeist even as journalists continued to interview her. Public relations professionals are inextricably connected to the journalists who shape public opinion. The author therefore conducted a qualitative framing analysis to understand how journalists framed her occupational role and job performance. Articles from The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal revealed that journalists assigned Advocacy and Gendered framing for her occupational role. Analysis also indicated that journalists alternately depicted her performance as adequate, unreliable, and manipulative. The author considers implications of findings for public relations professionals.