试论企业中层危机的管理对策——以黄石企业为例

中层危机是目前企业经营过程中经常出现的问题，也是制约企业发展的瓶颈。本文在介绍企业中层危机的基础上，分析了其产生的原因，并针对黄石企业人力资源开发与管理的现状，就如何解决夤石企业中层危机提出对策和建设性建议。     

学术腐败的现状及根源

学术腐败犹如一股瘟疫一样在科技和学术领域蔓延开来 ,严重地玷污了学术环境 ,腐蚀了学术队伍的肌体 ,误导学子的学业 ,阻碍了学术大师的产生 ,遏制了创新能力的提高 ,已成为全社会关注的热点问题。其产生的根源是管理手段单一、体制不健全、道德危机以及社会性诱因。     

论犹太人夏洛克的身份危机

犹太人夏洛克是莎士比亚笔下的悲剧人物。他家庭事业的最终瓦解和他宗教信仰的被迫转向是16世纪受压迫遭欺辱的一代犹太人民的宿命,而作为犹太教的悲剧英雄,他屈辱而奋进的一生极大地丰富了《威尼斯商人》的人文主义进步思想。     

The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

国有企业管理创新的对策

管理创新 ,就是真正按照现代企业制度的要求 ,放弃旧的传统的管理模式及其相应的管理方式和方法 ,创建新的管理模式及相应的方式和方法。没有任何一个时期像今天这样呼唤管理创新 ,需要管理创新 ,激励管理创新。而把管理创新放在企业发展的重要位置 ,这本身就是一种最实质、最根本的创新。新经济从其内核看就是创新型经济 ,新世纪从其发展趋势看就是一个不断创新、加快创新的新纪元。管理创新是企业振兴的必由之路。     

我国公共危机管理法制现状及完善

把突发事件处理机制纳入法制轨道是建立有效的危机管理机制的关键环节。从我国公共危机管理法制化建设的现状出发,首先简要阐述了加强公共危机管理法制化建设的必要性,然后进一步分析了目前中国公共危机管理法制建设中存在的优势及缺陷,并针对这些缺陷,提出了一些完善措施。     

More (new) products,more problems? A systems perspective on increased capability deployment and organizational errors

The capabilities-based view postulates that organizational capabilities are a key driver of competitive advantage. However, while increasing the pace of deploying organizational capabilities, such as new product development (NPD), may enable alignment with changing environments, it may also have unintended consequences. In this study, we advance theory on these unintended consequences by investigating how the increased deployment of NPD capability leads to organizational errors. Borrowing from organizational research employing systems theory, we argue that an increase in NPD deployment may increase the likelihood of routine discoordination and, thus, the incidence of intra-firm and interfirm errors. However, we also proffer that firms can mitigate errors from increases in NPD capability deployment by engaging in distinct internal and external activities that enable the accumulation of knowledge on how to coordinate systemic change. We distinguish between internal and external errors, demonstrating that in the context of increased NPD deployments, internal voluntary investigations ameliorate internal manufacturing errors, while supplier alliances mitigate outsourced component errors. We find support for our predictions using data from new product introductions and recalls in the U.S. automotive industry. This study sheds light on the tension inherent to accelerating the deployment of patterned organizational activities and suggests that the outcomes of deploying an organizational capability are best viewed holistically within the milieu of organizational systems the capability spans.     

The impact and management of cognitive gap in high performance product development organizations

The close alignment of applied research and development units with manufacturing operational structures can provide excellent opportunities for maintaining robust product pipelines and reducing product development cycle times. Within such an integrated organizational model (IOM), however, lies a potentially disruptive psychological mechanism that can lead to the dissolution of this delicate partnership if it is not handled properly. This mechanism is cognitive gap, which can take several basic forms: first, as differences between the nature and difficulty of the problem at hand and the cognitive resources of the problem solvers tasked with its solution; and second, as differences between the cognitive abilities and approaches of the problem solvers themselves. In this paper, we define and discuss cognitive gap within the context of Kirton's Adaption-Innovation theory, a useful framework for understanding problem solving (and problem solvers) in general. Specific implications (both favourable and potentially destructive) of cognitive gaps for high performance product development organizations are discussed, and suggestions for their effective management are offered.     

The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance

Effective supply chain management (SCM) has become a potentially valuable way of securing competitive advantage and improving organizational performance since competition is no longer between organizations, but among supply chains. This research conceptualizes and develops five dimensions of SCM practice (strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of information sharing, quality of information sharing, and postponement) and tests the relationships between SCM practices, competitive advantage, and organizational performance. Data for the study were collected from 196 organizations and the relationships proposed in the framework were tested using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that higher levels of SCM practice can lead to enhanced competitive advantage and improved organizational performance. Also, competitive advantage can have a direct, positive impact on organizational performance.     

金融危机、货币政策与企业贷款行为——基于企业风险承担的微观视角研究

货币政策调控会先影响企业的风险偏好或风险容忍度,进而对企业的贷款行为产生影响。并且,金融危机冲击和货币政策调控会引起不同特征企业贷款行为的异质性反应。经验研究发现：宽松的货币政策会显著引起我国企业风险承担的上升,而企业风险承担上升也显著引起其银行贷款规模的增加,中小企业、股权分散型企业和民营企业其银行贷款规模对企业风险承担变化的反应更加敏感。在2008-2009年金融危机期间,企业风险承担水平对货币政策变动的反应更加灵敏,而企业贷款规模对企业风险承担的敏感度有所下降,大型企业、股权集中型企业和国有企业其基于企业风险承担传导的银行贷款行为受金融危机冲击影响更大。