新诗中的反讽

反讽是一种言此意彼的话语方式。在新诗发展史上,九叶诗人和当代先锋诗人都自觉实践了“反讽”的写作。新诗中的反讽本质上是一种现代诗人感知和呈现荒谬存在同时又追求语义含混、丰富的诗思方式,文本的反讽类型有正话反说与克制陈述,有并置矛盾语词的“悖论”修辞,也有在文本的材料组织、布局谋篇方面设置贯穿全文的双重意义及评价的“结构反讽”。反讽呈现了现代汉诗审美的深刻复杂性。     

The gradual decline of cooperation: Endgame effects in evolutionary game theory

The article provides an evolutionary analysis of a finitely iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. The backward induction reasoning for a breakdown of cooperation in this game is transformed to an evolutionary degradation effect. After the introduction of random variations in the strategies' population size, however, cyclical variations of cooperativeness may appear. A breakdown of cooperation is no longer inevitable. An analysis for all possible payoff relations in Prisoner's Dilemma matrices shows that only four qualitatively different dynamical flows can emerge.     

世界图景悖论——兼论艾舍尔《画廊》的哲学意义

哲学应该去思考科学的世界描绘的条件和界限。世界作为存在者的整体是大全 ,但大全不能是一个存在者 ,否则就会出现悖论。世界图景作为一种公开场 ,不可能是完备的。如果它是完备的 ,就会出现悖论。艾舍尔的《画廊》是一幅完备但不一致的怪圈 ,它让不能同时在场者同时出场。怪圈提示着世界的荒谬性。科学越是无禁区、越是无边界 ,科学的世界图景就越是荒谬     

企业风险决定因素及风险收益关系研究

研究基于2004-2012年中国电力、热力生产和供应业上市公司的财务数据,运用一个包含了风险、企业绩效、行业绩效、预期绩效水平和理想绩效水平的动态模型,对中国企业承担的风险的决定因素以及风险一收益关系进行实证检验.研究发现,企业绩效和过去的风险水平对企业风险有显著负向影响,而预期绩效水平和理想绩效水平对企业风险有显著正向影响,支持了公司行为理论关于战略风险—收益关系的因果论证.绩效低的公司会主动寻求较大的风险,绩效高的公司会规避风险,中国企业存在"鲍曼悖论"现象.     

韦伯“英国法悖论”的理性观反思

韦伯的"英国法悖论",是指按韦伯的理性化标准,英国法的理性化是程度较低的.然而事实上英国法又能较好地保障英国人的确定性、自由和秩序."英国法悖论"的产生,在于韦伯将理论理性视为唯一的理性并将其作为标准尺度来衡量英国法.事实证明,英国法的实践理性不但是一种理性化道路,而且是一种较为合理的理性化之路.反倒是韦伯的理论理性存在诸多问题.因此,需要认真反思韦伯的理论理性法治观.     

Commonalities in Time and Ambiguity Aversion for Long-Term Risks*

Optimal protective responses to long-term risks depend on rational perceptions of ambiguous risks and uncertain time horizons. Our study examined the joint influence of uncertain delay and risk in an original sample of business owners and managers. We found that many subjects disliked uncertainty in the timing of an outcome, a reaction we term ``lottery timing risk aversion.' Such aversion to uncertain timing was positively related to aversion to ambiguous probabilities for lotteries involving storm damage risks. This association suggests that uncertainty may be processed similarly in both the risk and time dimensions.     

高原高山区人口分布特征及影响机制研究——基于空间计量经济学视角

提出并评述了关于人口分布传统研究的三个衍生问题:空间尺度不同可能产生"人口分布悖论"现象、空间相互独立的假设不尽合理、特定空间区域人口分布的复杂性。以此为切入点,通过空间计量分析方法,探讨中国川西高原高山区人口分布特征。研究表明,全局Moran's I值为0.7404,指示川西复杂地形区人口分布有十分显著的集群特征。以川西48个县域单元为对象,建立人口密度与相关影响因子的OLS估计、SLM估计和SEM估计,经空间依赖性检验,发现空间计量回归模型明显优于普通最小二乘回归模型,表明考虑了空间依赖性的估计方法能更好的刻画人口空间分布特征;经相关判别检验,确立SLM为最优模型,其纠正了OLS模型总体上高估自然环境因子而低估经济社会因子对人口密度影响的缺陷。并以SLM估计结果为基础分析了川西人口分布特征,特别解析了川西"人口分布悖论"的事实和原因。     

基于比较优势及规模经济的国际贸易万能公式探讨

为了探讨国际贸易发生的真正原因,定义了比较优势势力和规模经济势力的概念。运用对比方法和图形方法,通过放松一些假设条件来考察"两个版本"的规模经济引发国际贸易的过程,将比较优势和规模经济统一起来,发现了国际贸易"万能公式"。研究结论认为:比较优势和规模经济共同引发了国际贸易,在引入"补偿贸易条件线"概念条件下,可以将国际贸易的起因分解成比较优势势力效应和规模经济势力效应。同时,国际贸易"万能公式"可以用来解释里昂惕夫之谜。     

现代性的道德悖论

对当代社会道德问题的分析,必须深入到现代性理念与实践中。现代性充满道德悖论,它既带来了道德进步,也使现代人陷入无法摆脱的道德困境。现代性反思、现代性批判不是否定现代性,而是既要让现代性的理念更为普遍地被接受,又要让现代性的缺陷得到最大程度的弥补,使其更好地服务于人类社会的良善运行。     

How organizational logics shape trade-off decision-making in sustainability

Tensions between economic, environmental, and social performance are inherent to the practice of corporate sustainability. These sustainability tensions present the company with strategic choices. Using an organizational cognition perspective, we posit that companies interpret and respond to these tensions in ways that reflect an underlying collective sustainability logic. The purpose of this research is to explore this link, and to describe the logics that companies use when approaching sustainability tensions—and in doing so, explore what this reveals about the nature of the logics themselves. To achieve this, we perform a qualitative content analysis of interviews with sustainability managers, as well as archival documents. We find that all companies, regardless of their sustainability logic, encounter tensions in the practice of sustainability. In navigating these tensions, companies following a market-led logic tended to consider a narrow scope of stakeholder interests in their sustainability decision-making. These companies also followed a mutually-exclusive (and unintegrated) ‘if/then’ approach to sustainability tensions. On the other hand, companies that followed a holistic logic tended to consider a much wider scope of stakeholders and displayed a higher degree of integration in their logic (i.e., synergetic approach to decision-making around tensions).