Physical-psychiatric comorbidity: Implications for health measurement and the Hispanic Epidemiological Paradox

Few studies examine the co-occurrence of physical and psychiatric health problems (physical-psychiatric comorbidity), and whether these patterns differ across social groups. Using the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and National Latino and Asian American Study, the current study asks: what are the patterns of physical-psychiatric comorbidity (PPC) between non-Hispanic Whites and Latino subgroups, further differentiated by gender and nativity? Does the PPC measurement approach reveal different patterns across groups compared to when only physical or only psychiatric health problems are the health outcomes of interest? To what extent do sociodemographic characteristics (SES, stress exposure, social support, immigration-related factors) explain PPC differences between groups? Results reveal that compared to U.S.-born non-Hispanic White men, island-born Puerto Rican men experience elevated PPC risk. Mexican and Other Latino women and men experience relatively lower risk of PPC relative to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Social factors explain some of the health disadvantage of island-born Puerto Rican men, but do not explain the health advantage of Mexicans and Other Latinos.     

都市悖论下的人生困境--论安妮宝贝小说创作

安妮宝贝是网络文学界最近以来颇受瞩目的作家,其带有类型化作品构架中,蕴涵着一个共同的创作主旨,即表现都市的悖论和边缘群体的人生困境,这一主旨反映了她所代表的这一代人所独具的困惑和思考.     

Paradox versus dilemma mindset: A theory of how women leaders navigate the tensions between agency and communion

A wealth of literature documents that women leaders can face simultaneous and yet conflictual demands for both agency and communion, due to the incongruence of their leader role and gender role demands. However, we still know little about why some women cope with the tensions between agency and communion better than others and what implications are involved. Using a paradox perspective, we develop a theoretical model to explain how women leaders experience and respond to agency-communion tensions, which impacts their intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes. Specifically, we propose that in response to experiencing tensions fueled by the dual demands for agency and communion, women leaders can adopt a paradox mindset that simultaneously embraces agency and communion, or a dilemma mindset that dichotomizes agency and communion. The paradox mindset helps women leaders build psychological resilience, identity coexistence, and leadership effectiveness, whereas those who adopt a dilemma mindset experience depleted resilience, identity separation, and lowered leadership effectiveness. Further, our model highlights individual, interpersonal, and organizational conditions that shape women's experience and stimulate a paradox mindset versus a dilemma mindset. We conclude by discussing theoretical and practical implications of our model.     

From knowing to doing: Reflexivity,leadership and public relations

This article argues that little is known in public relations (PR) about the experience of leadership and, more specifically, the challenges associated with enacting desired leadership behaviours in the work place. The study focusses on the personal experiences of PR leaders and considers how exploring the interplay between a leader and their context enhances understanding of the conditions under which knowledge is enacted, or rather not enacted, in different leadership situations. The discussion is informed by perspectives from organization and leadership studies which highlight the importance of reflexivity to leadership learning. In addition to applying a reflexive lens to leadership practice in public relations, the study addresses a lack of empirical research focussing on the situated experiences of PR leaders. It considers the reflexive potential of a programme of interviews with PR practitioners providing examples to illustrate the role this form of research can play in leadership studies. The context investigated concerns the work place experiences of senior PR executives who claim to be ‘empowering leaders’. The discussion of the findings focuses on how organizational power relations distort the practitioners’ espoused leadership values and engages in a process of problematization designed to challenge the uncritical promotion of normative and decontextualised approaches to leadership. The article highlights the benefits of a reflexive orientation to PR leadership research and pedagogy, while calling for the promotion of a particular form of contextual intelligence to help practitioners confront the organizational conditions which specifically impact on their ability to lead others.     

人民币升值与中美贸易失衡问题研究——基于人民币汇率改革以来的数据

在全球经济复苏的背景下,中美贸易失衡问题又成为众人关注的焦点。本文基于2005年7月人民币汇率改革以来的数据,通过构建VAR模型,运用单位根检验、Johansen协整检验等方法,对人民币实际汇率如何影响中美贸易收支余额做了实证分析。通过分析解释了汇率改革之初的＂悖论＂现象,并得出结论：从长期来看,人民币升值对改善中美贸易收支平衡状况存在显著影响,而改善中美贸易收支失衡的关键在于中国经济的持续增长。     

列联表分析中的Simpson悖论问题

对于分类数据,列联表无疑是最好的统计工具之一,但列联表分析也会带来Simpson悖论问题。从理论上来说,可以通过改变试验结构来消解Simpson悖论,但社会研究数据大多是观测数据,是无法通过试验来控制的,因此Simpson悖论与其说是＂悖论＂,不如说是反映了分类数据的非线性特征,是＂不可压缩＂而压缩的结果,反映了列联表从高维压缩至低维时的统计信息差异,实质上是欧氏空间的降维问题。     

Integral Identities for Random Variables

Using a general method for deriving identities for random variables, we find a number of new results involving characteristic functions and generating functions. The method is simply to promote a parameter in an integral relation to the status of a random variable and then take expected values of both sides of the equation. Results include formulas for calculating the characteristic functions for x ², √x, 1/x, x ² + x, R ² = x ² + y ², and so forth in terms of integral transforms of the characteristic functions for x and (x, y), and so forth. Generalizations to higher dimensions can be obtained using the same method. Expressions for inverse/fractional moments, E{n!}, and so forth are also presented, demonstrating the method.     

生命悖论中的挣扎——毕巧林形象的现代性意味

莱蒙托夫<当代英雄>中的毕巧林形象,作为一个"文明人"多余人",相对于"自然人"不多余人",具有人生价值取向的相对性与道德的模糊性的特征.由于揭示了现代人类生存的一个悖论既要努力摆脱虚无的处境,又无法找到明确的生活意义的尴尬,这一人物形象具备了鲜明的现代性品格.     

Dynamic stability: Unfolding dynamics of vicious cycles in a design firm

Paradoxes generate tensions and contradictions in organizations. In this paper, we contribute to the paradox literature by developing a complex systems approach to how organizational members experience tensions generated by the strategic intent paradox. Specifically, we focus on the unfolding dynamics of vicious cycles experienced by organizations dealing with paradox. Drawing on a case study of a design firm, we demonstrate how a vicious cycle forms through feedback loops and develops dynamic stability over time. On the basis of our findings, we develop a micro-level understanding of vicious cycles, which incorporates defence mechanisms at staff and senior management levels. Our main contribution is a theoretical model of unfolding dynamics of vicious cycles. Our model shows the importance of (1) feedback loops that underpin a vicious cycle and (2) importance of circular causality, reinforcing cycles, and micro-mechanisms in theorizing vicious cycles.