论领导人的责任及责任分类

追究领导人的失职责任,标志着我国的行政改革进入了以政治权力为改革对象的重要阶段。但是对领导人失职责任的追究,不能运动化,而应该法治化,否则会出现两种错误的倾向:一是领导人责任追究的空化;二是领导人责任追究的泛化。要想有效地规制领导人的权力行为,追究领导人的失职责任,必须首先从理论上界分领导人的责任类别,准确界定领导人的政治责任、法律责任、纪律责任等。     

企业偷税行为分析

改革开放以来,我国企业的偷税现象呈现出不断上升的趋势,严重影响了我国经济的正常发展.为了有效地打击企业偷税行为,应加强对企业纳税行为的研究.本文试图通过建立税收征纳博弈模型,分析税收征管环境对企业偷税行为的影响,讨论抑制企业偷税行为的方法和措施.     

Premarital first births: The influence of the timing of sexual onset versus post-onset risks in the United States

Motivated by long-standing debates between abstinence proponents and sceptics, we examine how socio-economic factors influence premarital first births via: (i) age at first sexual intercourse and (ii) the risk of a premarital first birth following the onset of sexual activity. Factors associated with an earlier age at first intercourse will imply more premarital first births owing to increased exposure to risk, but many of these same factors will also be associated with higher risks of a premarital first birth following onset. Our analyses confirm previous findings that women from disadvantaged backgrounds are younger at first intercourse and have higher premarital first-birth risks than women from more advantaged backgrounds. However, differences in onset timing have a strikingly smaller influence on premarital first-birth probabilities than do differences in post-onset risks. Our findings thus suggest that premarital first births result primarily from differences in post-onset risk behaviours as opposed to differences in onset timing.     

Women's frequency of alcohol consumption prior to pregnancy and at their pregnancy-booking visit 2001–2006: A cohort study

BackgroundWith evidence of offspring harms and concern for younger women's drinking behaviours, this study uses a hospital cohort to trend the use and changes in women's reported alcohol consumption.AimsTo examine (i) the trend of women's reported alcohol consumption over time, (ii) whether any increases in the frequency of alcohol consumption prior to a pregnancy are accompanied by increases in the frequency of alcohol consumption in pregnancy and (iii) the characteristics of women consuming alcohol at these times.MethodsMidwives collected routine data on 19,699 women between 2001 and 2006. Data on women's alcohol use prior to pregnancy and at their pregnancy-booking visit were analysed using a non-parametric test for trend and with bivariate and multivariate tests adjusting for possible confounders.FindingsThe proportion of women reporting at-least weekly alcohol use prior to pregnancy was 25.4% and 5.9% at their pregnancy-booking visit. A significant linear increase over time (p < 0.001) was found in the rate of women aged 20 years and older reporting at-least weekly alcohol use prior to pregnancy. Tertiary-educated women were more likely to consume alcohol at-least weekly prior to pregnancy. Women aged less than 20 years were less likely to report at-least weekly alcohol use at both time points. Having more children and Asian ethnicity were associated with a lower risk of at-least weekly alcohol use at these times.ConclusionThe majority of women reduce their alcohol consumption once they learn they are pregnant, with some evidence this trend may have increased in recent years.     

社会和谐视野下各级领导干部所应具备的主要能力

社会和谐是中国特色社会主义本质属性,是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证。构建社会主义和谐社会,关键在执政党,所以必须充分发挥中国共产党的领导核心作用,不断提高各级政府和领导干部促进社会和谐的能力。一是擅长因势利导,驾驭社会和谐发展;二是优化组织结构,支撑社会和谐发展;三是有效化解矛盾,促进社会和谐发展;四是切实维护稳定,保障社会和谐发展;五是善于把握适度,统筹社会和谐发展;六是追求整体平衡,实现社会和谐发展。     

Confucian philosophy and influence on perceived values and behavioural orientations by Taiwan’s millennials

This study examines the millennials’ perceptions of Confucianism and their influence on their personal values and behavioural orientations with a sample from Taiwan to address the research gap in intergenerational and intercultural human resource development (HRD) research. It complements results from western research and offers important insights to worldwide managers and HRD practitioners for talent development and learning-related initiatives when working with employees and organizations with East Asia backgrounds. The concept of Confucius’ process of developing into a virtuous person seems to be rooted in the Taiwanese millennials’ mind, who as guided by Confucius tend to have a primary focus on accumulating knowledge, practicing moral behaviour, and correcting one’s mind and behaviour. Along with the globalization and technology advancement, the sampled millennials hold a strong traditional values of Confucian philosophy; yet, such strong cultural values may be attenuated a great deal after exposing to western culture over times. The Confucian virtue (moral) behaviour practice, harmonious relations, and self-cultivation are found as top three factors of Confucian values. Implications for HRD practices and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Becoming Missionaries: Gender,Space and Subjectivities in Chinese Christian Communities in the UK

In recent years, single young women and married couples migrating from mainland China have constituted a prominent group engaging in ministry careers among Chinese Christian communities in the UK. By investigating how they construct meaning out of their career choices that were entangled in the binaries and contradictions of the past/present, home/diaspora, public/private, men/women and family/self, this study explores the complexity of gender, Christianity and space in a (late) socialist Chinese case, thereby revealing the paradoxical subjectivities of these Chinese ministers. The idea is advanced that apart from a structural demand for clergies from mainland China, the complex interaction between traditional, (late) socialist and Christian gender ideologies has also affected their choices. The interaction works as a ‘transformative mechanism’ which creates a new moral order in terms of gender relations, family relations and work ethics. The new order incurs a patriarchal backlash against women in this group as well as empowering them. This research explores an interesting relationship between feminism, socialism and Christianity.     

The temporal relationship between gambling related beliefs and gambling behaviour: a prospective study using the theory of planned behaviour

The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been successfully employed to investigate the role of gambling-related beliefs in the maintenance of gambling behaviour. However, there is a lack of research that examines the temporal relationships between the TPB predictor variables and gambling behaviour. Thus, the current study examines the utility of expectancies, normative beliefs, perceived behaviour control and gambling intentions in predicting gambling frequency, as assessed 12 months later. In addition, these gambling-related beliefs were reassessed at the 12-month follow-up survey to examine their stability and relationships with gambling behaviour. A total of 805 Australian adults, recruited via an online research panel, completed the baseline and follow-up online survey. Consistent with expectations, gambling-related beliefs explained gambling intentions and intentions predicted Wave 2 gambling frequency, after controlling Wave 1 gambling frequency. In relation to the stability of gambling-related beliefs, the Wave 2 measures explained additional variance in the Wave 2 gambling behaviour, although the type of beliefs associated with Wave 2 gambling frequency and problem gambling severity differed. These findings provide support for the notion that the perceived benefits of gambling and beliefs in skill are important areas to target in preventative and problem gambling initiatives.     

我国高等学校创新型科研团队带头人的胜任特征分析

进入21世纪以来,我国高等学校创新型科研团队日益受到重视,并在制度上正式确立和发展起来。高等学校创新型科研团队的带头人以其突出的引领与辐射作用,成为创新型团队建设中的关键因素。文章从适应高等学校创新型科研团队带头人岗位角色的定位分析入手,探讨团队带头人应具备的相关胜任特征,包括具有较高学术造诣、严谨的治学态度和高尚品德、较强组织协调能力、拥有较为充分的时间和精力等,以期提高团队带头人的遴选质量。     

论言后行为

言语行为理论的核心是“说话即做事” ,“话语即行为”。同时 ,奥斯汀在这个理论中设想了言语行为三分说 :话语行为、言外行为和言后行为。其中言后行为是言语行为理论中涉及得最少的研究课题。本文讨论言后行为的两个方面 :说话者目的 ,实际效果 ,以及言后行为中的非言语手段等 ,并指出本研究对交际和跨文化交际的启示。