针对加工贸易之非竞争型投入产出表的编制与应用分析

 在中国近三十年发展中,出口（尤其是加工贸易出口）发挥了重要作用。本文对普通的竞争型投入产出表做了进一步开发,编制出中国针对加工贸易的非竞争型投入产出表;然后采用包含居民部门的投入产出局部闭模型,就2002年与2007年中国加工出口和非加工出口对中国经济的影响进行了测算。结果表明：从2002年至2007年,出口对中国总产出、增加值和劳动投入的诱发量均显著增强,其中加工出口所诱发的绝对量大大小于非加工出口,但其诱发增长速度超过了非加工出口;从拉动机制看,出口对总产出和增加值的间接诱发系数增大,引致诱发系数却在下降;出口对劳动投入的直接诱发系数、间接诱发系数和引致诱发系数均在下降。     

Effectuation or causation as the key to corporate venture success? Investigating effects of entrepreneurial behaviors on business model innovation and venture performance

Corporate Venturing sets the stage for entrepreneurial behavior in order to create business model innovation (BMI). Moreover, prior literature indicates the importance of BMI as a source of performance advantage, especially in growing industries. However, an empirical examination of the effectiveness of entrepreneurial behaviors for achieving BMI is still lacking. Hence, this study investigates the effectiveness of effectuation and causation as primary entrepreneurial logics to create BMI. Analyzing data obtained from 128 corporate ventures with partial least squares structural equation modeling, the effectiveness of both entrepreneurial logics for BMI with respect to different industry growth levels is clarified: The results point out that both behaviors lead to BMI in situations of moderate industry growth while effectuation (causation) is more effective in high (low) industry growth settings. Furthermore, the results point out that BMI in turn enhances corporate venture performance. Thus, corporate entrepreneurs should carefully align their entrepreneurial approach with industry growth projections to effectively develop BMI and achieve high venture performance.     

The impact of delayed maternity on foetal growth in Spain: An assessment by population attributable fraction

Background

Delayed childbearing is considered a risk factor for maternal–foetal health. As in other higher-income countries, in Spain age at maternity has steadily increased during the last two decades.

电子服务质量与大学生网购满意度关系的实证研究

在回顾国内外相关文献的基础上,构建了适合于网上购物顾客满意度研究的概念模型。以在校大学生为研究对象,选择淘宝商城作为调查网站,以实地问卷调查的方式获取研究数据,运用结构方程模型的PLS建模方法验证了模型中提出的多重假设关系。通过研究得出以下结论：电子服务质量对顾客信任、感知价值、顾客满意和顾客忠诚有积极显著的影响;顾客信任和感知价值是电子服务质量影响顾客满意和顾客忠诚的过渡环节;顾客满意是形成顾客忠诚最直接的因素。     

Two stage least squares estimation in structural cointegration models

This paper considers single-equation estimation of simultaneous equation models with integrated processes. The aim of the paper is to investigate asymptotic and small sample properties of some estimators in this framework. We deal with two groups of estimators: such that originally were designated for reduced form estimation and such for simultaneous equation models. In the first group we deal with Least Squares and Fully Modified Least Squares. The second group comprises Two Stage Least Squares and two modifications of it. The asymptotic analysis in section 2 shows that it is true that all estimators are super-consistent in this context but in principle, only the methods of the second group enable valid inference. Section 3 presents the results of a simulation study which is designed for specific problems of simultaneous equation models. This paper was presented at the European Meeting of the Econometric Society in Istanbul, 1996. The author thanks an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions.     

Identification of vector AR models with recursive structural errors using conditional independence graphs

In canonical vector time series autoregressions, which permit dependence only on past values, the errors generally show contemporaneous correlation. By contrast structural vector autoregressions allow contemporaneous series dependence and assume errors with no contemporaneous correlation. Such models having a recursive structure can be described by a directed acyclic graph. We show, with the use of a real example, how the identification of these models may be assisted by examination of the conditional independence graph of contemporaneous and lagged variables. In this example we identify the causal dependence of monthly Italian bank loan interest rates on government bond and repurchase agreement rates. When the number of series is larger, the structural modelling of the canonical errors alone is a useful initial step, and we first present such an example to demonstrate the general approach to identifying a directed graphical model.     

Effects of model misspecification on tests of no randomized treatment effect arising from Cox's proportional hazards model

We examine the asymptotic and small sample properties of model-based and robust tests of the null hypothesis of no randomized treatment effect based on the partial likelihood arising from an arbitrarily misspecified Cox proportional hazards model. When the distribution of the censoring variable is either conditionally independent of the treatment group given covariates or conditionally independent of covariates given the treatment group, the numerators of the partial likelihood treatment score and Wald tests have asymptotic mean equal to 0 under the null hypothesis, regardless of whether or how the Cox model is misspecified. We show that the model-based variance estimators used in the calculation of the model-based tests are not, in general, consistent under model misspecification, yet using analytic considerations and simulations we show that their true sizes can be as close to the nominal value as tests calculated with robust variance estimators. As a special case, we show that the model-based log-rank test is asymptotically valid. When the Cox model is misspecified and the distribution of censoring depends on both treatment group and covariates, the asymptotic distributions of the resulting partial likelihood treatment score statistic and maximum partial likelihood estimator do not, in general, have a zero mean under the null hypothesis. Here neither the fully model-based tests, including the log-rank test, nor the robust tests will be asymptotically valid, and we show through simulations that the distortion to test size can be substantial.     

Generalized case–cohort sampling

A class of cohort sampling designs, including nested case–control, case–cohort and classical case–control designs involving survival data, is studied through a unified approach using Cox's proportional hazards model. By finding an optimal sample reuse method via local averaging, a closed form estimating function is obtained, leading directly to the estimators of the regression parameters that are relatively easy to compute and are more efficient than some commonly used estimators in case–cohort and nested case–control studies. A semiparametric efficient estimator can also be found with some further computation. In addition, the class of sampling designs in this study provides a variety of sampling options and relaxes the restrictions of sampling schemes that are currently available.     

顾客满意度模型的样本量研究

本文在对顾客满意度模型及其估计方法PLS（Partial Least Square）进行简单讨论的基础上,详细研究了顾客满意度模型PLS估计方法需要的样本量,并针对中国顾客满意度研究的实际案例数据,给出了顾客满意度模型的样本量要求的建议,对顾客满意度实践有指导意义。