基于图形的资源管理支撑平台——卷烟生产企业的生产技术管理的关键系统

文章介绍一种新的以图形为平台对卷烟生产企业的生产技术要素进行集成管理的软件系统。系统采用“可动态编辑的多重链接浏览器”技术及数据库技术,将设备图纸、技术手册、设备图像、资料图表、设备信息、设备检修、故障处理等信息有机地集成到一起,动态生成图形信息集成平台,从图形上即可直接快速荻取所需的各种相关信息。它能大幅度提高工作效率,降低劳动强度,有效增强生产设备的事故抢修反应速度,缩短维保时间,为建立设备维护和故障处理的快速反应机制提供了强有力的技术手段,同时为领导快速决策提供技术支持,从而提高设备管理质量和运行效率、降低运营成本、保障生产的安全性和可靠性。     

论钢琴演奏教学中对乐曲层次感的培养

在钢琴教学中，引导学生对乐曲演奏时层次感的把握是十分关键的，也是更好地诠释乐曲、贴近作曲家本意的必要元素。这就需要强化学生对作品本体分析的能力，逐步培养学生建立良好的内心听觉能力，以及对乐曲丰富的想象力，对学生演奏技术的引导是最终实现乐曲层次感的有力保证。     

A multi-level examination of how the organizational context relates to readiness to implement prevention and evidence-based programming in community settings

Prior theoretical and empirical research suggests that multiple aspects of an organization's context are likely related to a number of factors, from their interest and ability to adopt new programming, to client outcomes. A limited amount of the prior research has taken a more community-wide perspective by examining factors that associate with community readiness for change, leaving how these findings generalize to community organizations that conduct prevention or positive youth development programs unknown.Thus for the current study, we examined how the organizational context of the Cooperative Extension System (CES) associates with current attitudes and practices regarding prevention and evidence-based programming. Attitudes and practices have been found in the empirical literature to be key indicators of an organization's readiness to adopt prevention and evidence-based programming. Based on multi-level mixed models, results indicate that organizational management practices distinct from program delivery may affect an organization's readiness to adopt and implement new prevention and evidence-based youth programs, thereby limiting the potential public health impact of evidence-based programs. Openness to change, openness of leadership, and communication were the strongest predictors identified within this study. An organization's morale was also found to be a strong predictor of an organization's readiness. The findings of the current study are discussed in terms of implications for prevention and intervention.     

Untangling the trust–control nexus in international buyer–supplier exchange relationships: An investigation of the changing world regarding relationship length

Control and trust are the primary governance mechanisms buying organizations rely upon to organize and maintain their collaborative exchange relationships with foreign suppliers. But the question of how control and trust interrelate and should be pursued seems entangled and practical advice remains largely elusive. Based on empirical data on 212 recently- and long-established buyer-supplier exchange relationships in the textile industry, we test the relationship between three practices of interorganizational control (output, process, and normative controls), two dimensions of interorganizational trust (competence and goodwill trust), and relationship performance. Using structural equation modelling, we demonstrate the value of controls for building and validating trust to depend as much on the specific control practice deployed and dimension of trust observed, as on the temporal stage of the exchange relationship. Moreover, we reveal distinct performance effects of the different control practices and dimensions of trust. Herewith, this study allows for a comprehensive understanding of the trust-control nexus in collaborative exchange relationships between buyers and their foreign suppliers. Addressing managers, we reveal how normative controls can be used to build trust and promote performance at the start of the relationship, whereas output controls need time to reach their full potential. Process controls, in turn, are found to have adverse effects.     

Shiftwork effects in nuclear power workers: A field study using portable computers

This field study of nuclear power shiftworkers reports the use of hand-held computers to record alertness levels, cognitive task performance and workload ratings. Subjective ratings and performance tasks (Search and Memory-5 (SAM-5); Choice Reaction Time (CRT) were completed on the computers at 2-h intervals during selected shifts in the work schedule by maintenance crews and reactor operators. Sleep duration and quality data were also obtained during the 35-day shift cycle. Workload remained relatively stable across shifts. The night-shift was associated with shorter sleep durations and poorer sleep quality. Significantly lower levels of alertness and poorer perforniance for components of the performance tasks were also observed on the night-shift. Tinic-on-shift effects on alertness were evident, where by for the night-shift, especially, alertness dropped dramatically during the early hours. Components of SAM-5 performance showed differential time-on-shift patterning relative to each shift whereas CRT was unresponsive to time-on-shift effects. Significant variations were observed in alertness and performance components during the 12-h night-shift. Perhaps paradoxically, performance on the 12-h night-shift appeared to improve rather than deteriorate during the early-hour period that was associated with the greatest drop in alertness. This was suggestive of extra effort expenditure during this critical period.     

项目管理成熟度模型及其应用研究

项目管理成熟度模型不仅可以用来对企业的项目管理能力进行评级,而且可以通过评估企业 当前项目管理的水平,找出不足与差距,为企业提供持续改进的方法与途径。文章回顾 了项目管理成熟度模型的发展历史,对国际上应用比较广泛的几种项目管理成熟度模型 进行了对比研究,在此基础上分析了项目管理成熟度模型在中国企业的应用现状,最后指出 建立适合中国企业的项目管理成熟度模型需要解决的主要问题。     

论高校科研管理创新

高校科研管理工作的创新 ,对促进高校科研的发展和为社会提供高新技术 ,充分发挥高校的科研成果在现代经济发展中动力源作用具有十分重要的意义 ,高校科研管理的创新 ,主要是管理观念的创新 ,管理模式的创新和管理方法的创新 ,其中观念的创新是前提 ,模式的创新是核心 ,方法的创新是途径。     

On-shift and daily variations in self-report and performance measures in rotating-shift and permanent night nurses

An intensive study was conducted of the influence of type of shift system, type of shift, and time-into-shift on a battery of on-shift and daily measures obtained from 61 female nurses over a 28-day period. Thirty-two rotating-shift nurses and 28 permanent night nurses recorded data on a hand-held computer at the start and end of each day, and every 2-h during their shifts. The measures included a sleep diary, self-ratings of mood, workload, and personal disruption, and two cognitive performance tasks. These results suggest that the permanent night nurses were no worse off and for some measures were actually better off than the rotating-shift nurses after controlling for differences in age and shiftwork experience; the night-shift was problematic for the rotating-shift nurses but so was the early shift; mood deteriorated and reaction time got slower over the course of the night-shift but extra long responses (which may correspond to lapses of attention) and rated workload were lower on the night-shift. The relatively large number of consecutive night-shifts worked by the rotating-shift nurses, the uneven distribution of workload between shifts, and the long night-shift may have contributed to these results.