《个人信息保护法》的亮点与创新

《个人信息保护法》是一部全面保护个人信息的专门性立法.作为公法和私法的混合,该法的私法部分作为《民法典》的特别法,进一步丰富和发展了《民法典》的个人信息保护规则.《个人信息保护法》在总结《民法典》等的立法经验基础上,借鉴了欧盟《一般数据保护条例》等比较法的经验,形成了诸多的亮点和创新之处.包括进一步扩张了个人信息的保护范围,构建了以"告知—同意"为核心的个人信息处理规则,对自动化决策的全面规范,严格保护敏感个人信息,确认个人在个人信息处理活动中的各项权利,强化个人信息处理者义务,规范国家机关的个人信息处理行为以及个人信息跨境流动,完善了侵害个人信息的法律责任,这些内容都充分彰显了这部法律的时代性、国际性和本土性.     

基于DEM的地形因素在城镇土地定级中的量化——以通化县城区为例

在城镇土地定级中地形地貌因素对土地质量空间分布产生着深刻的影响。以土地定级技术为依托,结合通化县城区土地定级,采用GIS手段,建立区域DEM数据模型,以坡度、坡向数据模型的建立及量化为例,提出地形因素在城镇土地定级中量化应用的新方法。按照城市规划对地形的要求,利用栅格数据空间分析功能,快速求取海量栅格单元的要素作用分及其总分,对地形地貌因素进行科学量化,揭示基于地形地貌因素定级下的城镇土地质量空间分布差异性规律。     

比例原则视角下数据可携权之适用路径

《个人信息保护法》明确规定了数据可携权,但具体实施规范仍待细化.我国缺乏法律指引下的数据可携权实操经验,以比例原则作为分析工具对欧盟数据可携权确立过程和实施进路研析,可以用一种规范结构的方式映射我国数据可携权的适用路径.我国下一阶段可以将数据可携权实施规范确定为技术条件标准的政策性实现策略与竞争法上的补充实施方案相结合的框架,并在具体实施过程中进行动态评估调整.     

DEPA数据安全规则解析及对中国的启示 ——基于和CPTPP/USMCA/RCEP的比对

构建数据安全规则是推进全球数字贸易治理的重要关切,中国申请加入《数字经济伙伴关系协定》(DEPA)后,需要在RTAs框架下,基于数据安全视角对DEPA 进行规则解析。采用自然语言识别法梳理DEPA数据安全规则体系,针对数据安全核心议题——跨境数据自由流动、数据存储非强制本地化、个人信息保护等,结合“特定规则”和“一般性规则”分析,通过文本比较评析DEPA和CPTTP、USMCA、RCEP等既有协定在这些议题上的覆盖范围、承诺深度的趋同和分歧。研究认为,DEPA针对跨境数据自由流动和数据存储非强制本地化所构建的规则,在推动数据流动自由化和保留自主监管空间两方面都处于中游水平; DEPA的个人信息保护覆盖范围比较广泛,特别强调数据保护可信任标志的使用。中国申请加入DEPA能够推动中国和DEPA在数据流动等议题上进一步确定和磋商,推进中国参与国际层面规则构建的进程、完善国内法律法规的有关规制,对中国申请加入CPTPP乃至其他RTAs协议的谈判都有积极作用,能够提高中国在数字贸易治理中的国际影响力。     

Keep around,drop, or revise? exploring what becomes of difficult ties in personal networks

Previous studies increasingly recognize the presence and impact of difficult individuals within personal networks. However, current research sheds little light on the turnover, retention, and change in quality of such difficult ties. The current study addresses this gap by focusing on two distinct forms of network change. We examine how role relationships, support exchange, relational homophily, and personal characteristics are associated with these processes. Data are drawn from three waves of the University of California Social Network Study (UCNets), a project containing comprehensive longitudinal data on ego networks among two adult cohorts. Findings indicate that over time, 34% of difficult ties re-appear in people’s networks as sources of aggravation; 26% of difficult ties are removed from the network; and 40% can no longer be verified as problematic network members. Most ties no longer deemed difficult are identified as providing one or more supportive functions. Multinomial multilevel models reveal that exchanging support tends to anchor difficult ties in the network. Kinship, meanwhile, plays a large role in whether difficult ties remain or get dropped. Personal characteristics such as gender, income, and relocation also play a role in these processes. Overall, we conclude that the turnover dynamics of difficult ties are similar to other ties, and the apparent change from negative to positive suggests that many ties hold ambivalent properties that make shedding such ties less common than may be expected.     

Closer than ever: Growing business-level connections between Australia and Europe

Despite the growing presence of European firms in Australia and vice versa, studies of these business-level connections have been few and far between. Building on points made in our earlier macro-level analysis of Australian-European relations, this study examines business-to-business and business-to-consumer activity at the micro-level between the two continents.We focus on three themes illustrative of these growing business-level relations. First, we examine the different pathways taken by Australian businesses in their quest to develop a European market presence. Second, we discuss instances of business and technological innovation in the Australian context, including stories of success in digital innovation and university-corporate collaboration as well as cautionary tales for European institutions arising from the Australian experience. Third, we compare and contrast how Australian and European businesses have responded to the challenge of climate change, focussing on the issues of green lending and retail insurer performance.In foregrounding these three themes, we offer reflections on the implications and lessons for the growing number of businesses operating across both continents.     

Industrial digitalization. A systematic literature review and research agenda

This paper addresses the recent growth in publications on the topic of digitalization by systematically reviewing the literature dealing with this major technological and organizational transformation in the manufacturing sector. Our aim is to enhance the understanding of this phenomenon and provide a critical account of the state of the art of the research on industrial digitalization. After summarizing the different conceptualizations of digitalization and the stages of its evolution, we identify four thematic areas (technologies, impacts, enabling factors, and barriers) and create a meaningful segmentation of the existing publications along these dimensions. We then develop a future research agenda on industrial digitalization at both a conceptual and an empirical level, encompassing the following themes: (i) the need for a more nuanced conceptualization; (ii) the potential evolution of one or more digital technologies toward the category of “general-purpose technology”; (iii) the search for new contingency approaches; (iv) the development of accurate models of inter-firm collaboration among digital manufacturers; and (v) the elaboration of suitable solutions able to guarantee the compatibility of industrial digitalization with ethical and sustainability principles.