Marital disruption and economic well-being: a comparative analysis

Summary.  Though there is a considerable literature concerned with the economic consequences of marital breakdown, there is still substantial disagreement in terms of its magnitude. One of the major problems underlying this debate is how economic well-being is defined. We implement several measures of well-being of monetary and multidimensional nature by using data from the European Community Household Panel. Another issue in this literature concerns selection bias of divorcing couples. We tackle this issue by using a propensity score matching technique combined with a difference-in-differences estimator. Results confirm the importance of the definition of well-being. We find a strong gender bias when using monetary measures but a considerably lower bias, and for some countries non-existent, when using non-monetary indices.     

定量分析贫困人口的营养状况-以浙江农村为例

随着国家扶贫开发力度的加大,我国农村贫困现象明显缓解,贫困人口大幅度减少,农村人口的生活状况如何?本文从营养学角度出发,利用浙江农村的数据,对浙江农村人口的营养状况以及处于营养不良危险的人口数量做一定量分析。     

Patterns of Giving in South Africa

Abstact This paper reflects on the results of a national quantitative survey on giving in South Africa. It explores the extent and character of giving; who gives, to whom, with what intention? The survey results revealed that South Africa is richly resourced with a diverse and multicultural spectrum of giving behaviors, which are commonplace in everyday life. The spectrum of giving behaviors is so diverse in shape and form that it contradicts many of the basic assumptions of the philanthropic literature, which locate the act of giving primarily in the domain of the wealthy and powerful.     

Assimilation effects on poverty among immigrants in Norway

This paper discusses the question of whether or not the high incidence of poverty among immigrants in Norway persists even after immigrants have been in the country for a long period, i.e. after they have had the opportunity to integrate and adapt their skills to the expectations in their new home. While similar to traditional studies of wage assimilation, a study of assimilation in relation to poverty propensity nevertheless measures something different than labor market assimilation, and this represents the main innovation of this study. Analysis of assimilation with respect to poverty focuses on welfare for the lower end of the income distribution and for all individuals, regardless of their relationship with the labor market. It can therefore be seen to better reflect the degree to which immigrants as a whole are able to achieve at least the minimum necessary to participate in the life of their new home and avoid difficulties later on.

马铃薯产业扶贫：角色贡献、面临危机与风险化解研究

使用FAO数据库和中国薯网数据中心提供的数据资料,应用描述统计方法,在分析贫困山区马铃薯比较优势突出、保障 当地粮食安全、助力农民脱贫增收、带动贫困山区农业转型升级等突出贡献的基础上,提出了当前马铃薯产业开发正面临：市 场消费受到抑制,市场价格剧烈波动,加工比例偏低产业链条短,市场需求趋于饱和,供给出现阶段性过剩等危机。并提出注 重延伸产业链条,加强马铃薯系列制成品加工;注重由温饱型消费向营养健康消费升级;促进产业开发由外延扩张转向内涵提 升转变;注重新型农业经营主体培育,加强山区马铃薯流通体系建设;积极举办山区马铃薯文化美食节等政策建议。     

少数民族深度贫困地区可持续脱贫探析 ——以凉山彝区易地扶贫搬迁为例

十八大以来,习近平总书记提出关于扶贫的一系列新理念新思想新战略,脱贫攻坚取得了历史性的成就。在全面建成小 康的关键时期,少数民族深度贫困地区的脱贫奔康是短板,要如期脱贫,需因地制宜,探寻出一条可持续的脱贫路径。以凉山 彝区易地扶贫搬迁为例,通过分析搬迁实施过程中的突出问题以及搬迁群众后续发展制约因素,从部门协调、精准识别、产业 支撑、基层党组织作用发挥以及贫困群众内生动力的培育等方面探寻少数民族深度贫困地区可持续脱贫路径,以期实现同步 全面建成小康社会的目标。     

论武陵山片区扶贫开发的价值取向

价值取向是行动的先导。作为新阶段扶贫开发战略的试点,武陵山区一定要把握政策导向,分析自身实际,明确发展取向,寻找到实现价值目标的最佳途径。     

精准扶贫背景下贫困山区旅游扶贫效率研究——以安徽皖南山区18个县(区、市)为例

皖南山区旅游扶贫效率接近中等水平,区域差异大但呈波状缩小趋势。现阶段,旅游扶贫的主要支撑为规模效率,快速的旅游发展、不断扩大的旅游业规模是提升旅游扶贫效率的有效途径。技术进步是导致全要素生产率指数波动的主要因素,旅游体制机制、旅游模式创新是进一步提高其扶贫效率的核心路径。旅游扶贫效率由"局部突出,环线梯度"的点状格局向"四周连片,中部塌陷"的漏斗状格局演化,旅游产业出现外溢。为提升区域旅游扶贫效率,应根据潜力期、朝阳期、黄金期、夕阳期不同的效率形态类型,实施精准的旅游扶贫模式。     

如何理解贫困:日本贫困研究视野下的省思

由于研究的起步较晚,国内学界对于贫困现象本身的剖析和学者的想象力还有待进一步开掘。 日本的贫困研究成果和研究径路,为我们深入贫困研究提供了一个参照系。 从理解贫困的基准、贫困的产生、贫困生活和贫困救济四个方面着手,梳理日本的贫困研究成果,并总结其对我国学界进一步深化对于贫困的认识、拓展对于贫困治理研究的若干启示,是十分必要的。 从日本的研究成果反观我国的贫困研究,为了更深入地理解贫困,我们需要全方位把握农民的生活状态和生计逻辑,充分认识贫困生产机制的复杂性,并需重视用“生计术”视角观察和理解农民的生计行为,包括一些可能在一般道德立场和价值观念中受到批判的生计行为。 在国家和各级政府大力推进“精准扶贫”的今天,面对存在的诸多困境,我们也许可以从历史的脉络中、从与其他国家贫困救济史的比较中,为理解贫困治理的困境找到更明晰的谱系学定位和更深入的阐释空间。     

中国扶贫70年:基于实现共富的三重向度研究

消除贫困、实现共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求,也是中国共产党人的“初心”和“使命”。新中国成立70年来,党和政府为实现全体人民共同富裕的奋斗目标,带领全国人民持续向贫困宣战,成功探索出了一条具有中国特色的扶贫道路,取得了举世公认的扶贫成就。基于实现共富的三重向度来回顾中国扶贫70年的发展历程：在历史向度上,中国扶贫道路经历了救济式扶贫、体制改革式扶贫、开发式扶贫、参与式扶贫和精准扶贫等5个发展阶段;在实践向度上,中国扶贫始终坚持实事求是思想路线,发挥党的领导和政府主导相结合的政治优势,积蓄扶贫物质的经济力量,形成了独具中国特色的“中国经验”;在价值向度上,中国扶贫70年所形成的“中国经验”为世界减贫理论、减贫事业的发展贡献出了“中国智慧”和“中国方案”,具有极其重要的世界意义。