Poverty reduction effectiveness of public income transfers in South Korea in the wake of the global financial crises: a panel-data analysis

By using a longitudinal data-set from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, the present study examines the poverty reduction effectiveness of public income transfers in South Korea from 1998 to 2011. Findings indicate that the average poverty rate fell from over 20% between 1998 and 2000, to 14% from 2001 to 2006, rose to 17% by 2008, and declined to 15% in 2011. However, the poverty-rate reduction effectiveness continuously increased from 5.5% in 1998 to 32.8% in 2011. The poverty-gap reduction effectiveness also improved sixfold from 6.8 to 39.6% over the same period.     

How Means-Tested Transfer Programs Respond to Household Earned-Income Increases: Policy and Practice

We use data from the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation to estimate how four means-tested transfer programs respond to household earned-income increases. In general, the programs respond as we would expect based on the program laws and regulations, with some important exceptions, including that benefits received under some programs take much longer to fully adjust to earned-income increases than we would expect. We explore the reasons for these departures from our expectations and discuss the implications for policymakers’ efforts to balance the programs’ goals of poverty alleviation, cost effectiveness, and work promotion.     

Five Ministries and Commissions including NHFPC Jointly Issued Implementation Program on Firmly Advancing Rural Poverty Alleviation in Health and Family Planning

正In August 2014,5 ministries including National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),State Development and Reform Commission,Ministry of Finance,State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development,and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued Implementation Program on Firmly Advancing Rural Poverty Alleviation in Health and Family     

改革开放以来政府推动扶贫减贫政策分析

扶贫减贫始终是政府工作的重要议题。以1982年第一份中央一号文件颁布以来国家出台的31份扶贫减贫重要文件为研究样本,运用政策工具对我国扶贫减贫政策文本内容进行量化分析发现,政府推动下的大扶贫体系已趋于成熟。在扶贫政策工具的选择上,比较偏重于使用供给型和环境型的政策手段,对需求型的政策工具使用有所欠缺,潜力并没有充分释放。政府在后续的工作中应注重政策的科学搭配,创新工作思路,实现脱贫效果的可持续性。     

习近平关于生态扶贫重要论述的发展历程与内涵解读

关于生态扶贫的重要论述贯穿于习近平自知青时期的地方工作至主政中央以来的数十年思考和实践,是他精准扶贫、精准脱贫思想的重要组成部分。系统梳理习近平关于生态扶贫重要论述的发展历程和主要内涵,不仅有助于更准确地理解习近平关于生态扶贫重要论述的核心要义和价值旨归,而且有助于现阶段开展扶贫攻坚、实现脱贫致富和环境保护“双赢”。这对于在全国范围内打赢精准脱贫攻坚战、回应贫困地区人民对美好生活需要、完成全面建成小康社会的历史任务均有重要的战略指导和启示意义。     

复合板爆炸焊工艺研究现状及展望

基层行政包干制是脱贫攻坚中一种重要的非正式制度。在委托—代理框架下,地方政府以“定点包干”的方式建立起（省）市县乡村的行政包干体系,通过对不同层次进行隐性授权,以部门内部流动和条上流动正向激励基层干部,且辅之以约谈、召回、撤职等负向约束,在压力型体制下实现了超常规动员。基层行政包干制的核心在于将责任落实到个人,以“块”的地方权力,统合平级的“条”和下级的“块”,高位推动项目、人才、资金和政策精准下沉到基层,实现了国家、市场和社会的全面参与。但体制内的张力与矛盾,也容易激化包干主体之间的矛盾,同时部门包干导致扶贫绩效差异。脱贫攻坚中基层行政包干制的提出,拓展和延伸了行政包干制适用范围,修正和完善了行政包干制理论,为脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接提供机制借鉴。     

乡村振兴背景下脱贫人口面临的生计风险及其防范

贫困的发生是与生计的不确定性和脆弱性联系在一起的,生计风险是脱贫人口返贫的核心因素之一,基于脱贫户生计风险的调查发现,相当一部分脱贫人口面临收入结构不合理、来自政府转移性收入偏高、对扶贫福利政策依赖度大、家庭病残抚养比偏高、易地搬迁导致的耕地等自然资本减损、生计多样性下降、家庭负债、社会资本匮乏等诸多生计风险。巩固脱贫成果与乡村振兴的衔接中要注重保持巩固脱贫财政投入的持续稳定性,把健康中国建设与健康扶贫结合起来,把易地搬迁扶贫社区产业的全面发展作为乡村振兴的重点任务,注重培育脱贫人口社会资本,发挥好资金互助会等集体经济组织的作用,进一步筑牢脱贫人口生计资本基础,降低生计风险,真正脱贫致富。     

Humanitarian work psychology: The contributions of organizational psychology to poverty reduction

Achieving the MDG goal of reducing world poverty by 50% by 2015 requires the cooperative effort of many disciplines. To date the discipline of organizational psychology has not played as significant a role as it might in this endeavor. With the recent establishment of the Global Task Force for Humanitarian Work Psychology, this discipline signaled its commitment to the global effort. Organizational psychology offers to bring its expertise to poverty reduction: its ability to assess needs and capacity, develop partnerships with stakeholders, bring about and manage change, and systematically review, evaluate, monitor and revise high level mandates, policy development, program implementation and consultation on personnel issues. Its successes as practitioners-scientists in private enterprise will enhance its credibility for success in the public sphere. The article reviews the research and practice of some of the organizational psychologists presently engaged in poverty reduction and how humanitarian work psychology might enhance the efforts of anti-poverty organizations.     

Poverty and psychological distress in Latin America

The objective of this paper is three-fold: first, to study the psychological distress of the Latin American poor. Second, to study differences in psychological distress between the poor and the relatively wealthy in Latin America. Third, to study how economic growth impacts the psychological well-being of the poor.This paper uses micro-level information from the Gallup 2007 Survey for 16 Latin American countries to study psychological distress of the poor in Latin America; the survey is representative at the country level. The investigation works with approximately 12,500 observations. Psychological distress is measured on the basis of a set of questions regarding a person’s emotional situation the day before he/she answered the questionnaire.The investigation finds out that the poor show greater psychological distress than the wealthy and that the gap is statistically significant. However, it would be inappropriate to attempt predicting a person’s psychological well-being on the basis of his/her poverty condition alone, since many factors affect people’s psychological well-being. The paper also shows that rapid economic growth seems to be detrimental to the psychological well-being of the poor, and that the impact of economic growth on psychological well-being differs between the poor and the relatively wealthy.     

Unmet needs in addressing child neglect: Should we go back to the drawing board?

Intervention in child neglect faces many challenges to effectiveness, including: (a) The lack of a cohesive, agreed-upon conceptual/theoretical framework and inconsistent definition of the problem; (b) disjointed intervention in various components of the problem; and (c) the social justice issues of inequity based on class, race, and gender. These conditions have led to a situation in which the role of poverty, potentially one of the most important contextual factors in neglect, can be overlooked. This article presents an argument for the need to pay more explicit attention to the definition of neglect, with particular focus on the role of poverty, in order to improve intervention in this pervasive problem. It concludes with recommendations for research, policy, and practice in child welfare.