比喻性"N1的N2"定中结构的甄别与认定

比喻性"N1的N2"定中结构在现代诗歌、散文中大量涌现,已成为一种不可忽视的语言现象,但以往的研究对其关注不够,并在认定该结构时有不够准确的情况.本文通过语料调查增补了大量新鲜例句;对非比喻性"N1的N2"定中结构进行了排除;在以往研究的基础上,利用谓词隐含理论,通过还原该结构的谓词,提出了认定该类结构的方法.     

“华夷之辨”对民族融合的影响——兼与刘锋焘先生商榷

“华夷之辨”的核心是文化之辨,强调保卫先进的华夏文化以求发展,反对屈从落后的夷狄习俗而倒退苟安。这一观念,促成了一种凝重执著的民族凝聚力和向心力,促使了各少数民族向汉文化靠拢而融合为一个民族。特别是在少数民族建立政权时,它成为排斥落后文化,保证中华文化传承、延续的思想武器。因此,“‘华夷之辨’对中华民族史的负面影响”之说需要商榷。     

浅析我国房地产市场过热现象

近年来中国房地产市场越炒越热,房价一路水涨船高,且有继续上涨的趋势。很多人认为房地产市场存在过热现象。房价在近年来迅速上升的原因主要包括人们的收入水平普遍提高,城市化进程加快,土地成本和建筑成本的升高,金融政策比较宽松,人们对房价继续上升的预期,以及海外热钱的涌入。存在的问题主要是供求结构不合理,存在投机行为和金融隐患。建议采取加强土地管理,提高利率以及市场多元化等措施加以调控。     

Consumer Effort in Promotional Incentives

Consumers need to exert effort to use the incentives provided in a promotion campaign. This effort is critical in the consumers’ decision process and for the success of the campaign. We develop a model of consumer redemption effort that is general in nature and is applicable to coupons, rebates, and other price‐discrimination devices. We find that the impact of redemption effort is quite intricate on a firm’s profit and consumers’ surplus. We find that there are cases where a firm would like to operate in a low redemption cost environment while consumers would be better off with higher costs. We identify cases where price can remain the same with or without the promotion. In these cases, it is possible that the surplus for each individual consumer is higher when a firm price discriminates and improves its profit. Our results indicate that a firm would rather have variation in consumer redemption costs than to have variation in consumer valuations. However, in a market with low valuation variability, consumer redemption cost variability is essential for an efficient promotion campaign. Therefore, the markets that naturally have a lot of variability in consumer valuations should be the ones targeted for online promotion programs that reduce consumer effort levels, not the markets with low variability.     

水利投资减灾效果评估:基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

利用省际面板数据,从全国及区域层面研究新增水利投资、各类型水利设施在抗击农业旱灾、水灾中的效果。研究发现：从全国层面看,新增水利投资能有效降低旱灾成灾率、水灾成灾率,但水利投资抗旱效果比抗击水灾效果好。水库能有效抗旱,但加重了水灾成灾率,水闸抗旱效果明显。从区域层面看,东、中、西部地区水利投资抗旱效果都较明显,而水利投资抗御水灾效果东部地区最明显。机井在中部地区对抗旱起到了一定作用,但东部、西部地区机井数量却与旱灾成灾率正相关。水闸抗御水灾的作用在中部地区显著。中部地区堤防长度与水灾成灾率正相关,西部地区机电排灌站装机容量与旱灾成灾率正相关。东部地区机电排灌站装机容量与水灾成灾率负相关,而在中部地区两者正相关。     

精准扶贫背景下贫困山区旅游扶贫效率研究——以安徽皖南山区18个县(区、市)为例

皖南山区旅游扶贫效率接近中等水平,区域差异大但呈波状缩小趋势。现阶段,旅游扶贫的主要支撑为规模效率,快速的旅游发展、不断扩大的旅游业规模是提升旅游扶贫效率的有效途径。技术进步是导致全要素生产率指数波动的主要因素,旅游体制机制、旅游模式创新是进一步提高其扶贫效率的核心路径。旅游扶贫效率由"局部突出,环线梯度"的点状格局向"四周连片,中部塌陷"的漏斗状格局演化,旅游产业出现外溢。为提升区域旅游扶贫效率,应根据潜力期、朝阳期、黄金期、夕阳期不同的效率形态类型,实施精准的旅游扶贫模式。     

Proposition of a General Formula for Price Indices

In this article, we propose a general formula for aggregative price indices that satisfies most postulates coming from the axiomatic price index theory. We show that the ideal Fisher index, Laspeyres and Paasche formulas, and a lot of other indices are particular cases of the proposed formula. Moreover, using the general formula we can easily define new indices, that would satisfy given postulates. We also present an interesting result for the proposed formula.     

Estimation of Laspeyres Price Indexes Using the Prediction Approach for Finite Population Sampling

Estimators of chain and fixed-base Laspeyres price indexes are studied using the prediction approach to finite population sampling. The estimators include some that are based on those used in several U.S. government index programs and others derived from prediction models. Biases and variances of the estimators are studied for a case in which the reference period index weights are unknown for nonsample items. Under a model for a one-period price change in which items have common within-stratum means, unbiased estimators can be constructed, but under a more general regression model, special sample balance conditions are needed for unbiasedness of those estimators. The theory for the estimators of fixed-base indexes is illustrated in an empirical study using a population of items priced for the U.S. Consumer Price Index.     

Indexing the Federal Tax System: A Cost-of-Living Approach

In this article, we analyze the indexation of federal taxes, using an approach based on cost-of-living measurement. We use our Tax and Price Index methodology and data base to study an indexed system historically, comparing indexation with the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to actual tax policy, a tax system with constant parameters, and an “exact” indexing scheme. We reach three main conclusions: (a) The sequence of tax reductions implemented between 1967 and 1985 have fallen short of mimicking indexation, (b) wealthier households would have benefited relatively more than lower-income households from indexation, and (c) CPI indexation would not have completely eliminated bracket creep.     

农户分化、财产价值认知与宅基地退出行为

基于长三角地区实地调查,分析了农户分化对宅基地退出意愿及受偿方式选择的影响路径,进一步探讨了财产价值认知的中介效应。结果发现:(1)农户分化对宅基地退出意愿既有直接影响也有间接影响,财产价值认知发挥中介作用,中介效应占比11.85％;(2)农户分化会显著负向影响农户对城镇房屋置换补偿方式的选择,显著正向影响农户的一次性货币补偿选择,中介效应占比分别为17.05％和12.70％;(3)相比较于远郊区,近郊区农户分化对宅基地财产价值认知和退出意愿都更加强烈,两个区域农户在受偿方式选择上存在一定差异。基于此,建议政府通过拓宽宅基地退出后农户的就业渠道、加强宅基地制度改革的政策宣传以及制定多元化的宅基地退出补偿机制等措施推进宅基地制度改革。