大学生创业问题及对策分析

当前,自主创业成为越来越多大学生的选择。但是在研究中发现,我国大学生创业动机高,行动少;创业教育成果少,问题多;创业机会多,创业环境差。这些问题的解决需要根据成就动机来激发创业动机;通过改善创业教育来培养创业技能;通过营造良好创业环境来支持大学生创业。     

刍议社会主义新农村视野下的农村纠纷多元解决机制的价值取向

我国当前农村纠纷日益呈现出多样化、复杂化的趋势,建立健全农村纠纷多元解决机制,有助于破解市场经济条件下各种差别拉大、矛盾突出的问题,是缓解社会矛盾,维护社会稳定、构建和谐社会的基本条件。同时,它是科学发展观倡导的＂以人为本、全面协调可持续发展＂的内在要求,对建设社会主义新农村建设的进程至关重要。新农村是一项惠及亿万农民、事关全面小康社会与国家现代化进程的战略决策。因此,我们应该以社会主义新农村为统领,站在更高的角度充分认识其重要的价值取向意义。     

Urban African American Pre-Adolescent Social Problem Solving Skills

Summary

The results of two studies focusing on the social problem solving skills of African American preadolescent youth are detailed. In the first study data from a sample of 150 African American children, ages 9 to 11 years, was used to examine the association between type of youth social problem solving approaches applied to hypothetical risk situations and time spent in unsupervised peer situations of sexual possibility. Findings revealed that children with more exposure to sexual possibility situations generated a wider range of social problem solving strategies, but these approaches tended to be unrealistic and ambiguous. Further, there was a positive association between the amount of time spent unsupervised and youth difficulty formulating a definitive response to hypothetical peer pressure situations. Children with less exposure to sexual possibility situations tended to be more aggressive when approaching situations of peer pressure. In the second study, data from a non-overlapping sample of 164 urban, African American adult caregivers and their 9 to 11 year old children was examined in order to explore the associations between child gender, family-level factors including family communication frequency and intensity, time spent in situations of sexual possibility, and youth social problem solving approaches. Results revealed that children were frequently using constructive problem solving and help seeking behaviors when confronted by difficult social situations and that there was a significant relationship between the frequency and intensity of parent child communication and youth help seeking social problem solving approaches. Implications for research and family-based interventions are highlighted.     

Risk Assessment as a Paradox: When Actions of an IRB Become Incompatible with Ethical Principles

As anecdotal evidence mounts up of Institutional Review Boards becoming an impediment to research, I share a personal experience in this article to argue how the conduct of an Institutional Review Board was incompatible with a number of ethical principles such as Respect for Persons, Deception, Informed Consent, and Justice. I conclude by promoting Evidence-Based Ethical Problem Solving to facilitate and enhance risk assessments through empirical evidence.     

Problem Gambling and the Circumstances Facing Older People

Local gambling venues are an important contemporary context for older people's gambling in many parts of the world typically being more accessible to this segment of the population than traditional, centralised gambling venues, such as casinos. This study, undertaken in South East Queensland, analyses older people's electronic gaming machine (EGM) behaviour and motivations, specifically in the context of licensed social and recreational clubs-a popular local gambling venue in many parts of Australia. The study gathered data via a postal survey of 80 managers of licensed clubs, interviews with Gambling Help services and a survey of 414 people aged 60+ who regularly play EGMs, self-administered on site at local clubs. The analysis undertaken suggests that certain age-related circumstances of older people-such as being without a partner, having a disability that impacts on everyday activities, having a low annual income, and no longer participating in the workforce-are associated with higher overall levels of motivation for playing EGMs and greater reliance on EGMs to meet social, recreational and mental health needs. Over a quarter of the older people surveyed (27%) reported drawing on their savings to fund their EGM gambling. Certain categories of older people, including those who were without a partner and those with a disability, were more likely to report drawing on their savings to fund EGM play and betting more than they could afford to lose, pointing to age-related vulnerabilities older people may experience to the negative impacts of gambling given the greater likelihood of their dependency on smaller, fixed incomes. The explanatory contribution of a range of demographic and motivational variables on problem/moderate risk gambling status was computed via a logistic regression model. Younger age (60-69), male gender, single marital status and being motivated to play EGMs to experience excitement and to win money all emerged as significant predictors in the model.     

Defining Problems Fast and Slow: The U‐shaped Effect of Problem Definition Time on Project Duration

This study examines how time spent in problem definition affects problem solving in projects such as Six Sigma projects. Our hypotheses are tested using data collected from 1558 Six Sigma projects in a company. The results show evidence of a U‐shaped relationship between the amount of time spent in the Define phase and project duration. This finding suggests that spending too little time on problem definition potentially causes poor problem formulation, which leads to deficient problem solving and lengthens overall project time. On the other hand, too much time spent on problem definition can lead to unneeded delays in project completion due to diminishing returns on problem definition efforts. Furthermore, the optimal balance between spending too little and too much time depends on prior project experience and project complexity. Prior project experience reduced project completion time and weakened the U‐shaped effect. Conversely, complex projects took longer and appeared to show some evidence of a stronger U‐shaped effect; this suggests balancing the time spent in the Define phase was more challenging for complex projects. Our study also underscores the importance of managing project duration, as projects that were completed faster tended to be associated with higher project savings.     

Equalizing population denominators for australian metropolitan areas

Most population data are collected and tabulated in an aggregate form by censuses around the world in which political and economic considerations determine the geographic unit of the aggregation. Large spatial variation in population size among, units can limit comparative analysis among different subregions. Census population counts are often used as the denominator in rate calculations. This paper proposes the design of new districts for Australian metropolitan areas that will decrease the absolute range in population among districts. The transport algorithm is used for aggregation of Collection Districts in order to achieve this goal. The transport algorithm proved efficient in assigning CDs to a more equitable alignment of population in the selected Statistical Divisions. This method affords the spatial comparison of city settlement and socio-economic variables as well as deriving a stable denominator for these comparisons. The results demonstrate the advantages of equalized population denominators over those associated with the current statistical districts.     

党建根本问题的当代求解

中国共产党对党建根本问题的当代求解,与革命导师们围绕这一问题所作的正确探索一脉相承,是这一探索在新时期的逻辑展开.邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛领导全党不懈求解"建设一个什么样的党、怎样建设党"的根本问题,在理论和实践两个方面取得了一系列创新性成果.历史经验启示我们:党建根本问题的求解具有鲜明的时代特征,必须以科学理论为指导,必须服从于、服务于党的根本任务.党建根本问题当代求解所形成的重要成果,对于我们党切实加强自身建设具有直接的实践指导意义,对于我们党主动应对和利用世界发展大趋势具有重大的现实意义,对于我们党坚持党的基本路线,实现建设中国特色社会主义宏伟目标具有深远的历史意义.