Undergraduate public relations education in Spain: Endangered species?

The purpose of this article is to analyze the precarious situation concerning undergraduate public relations education in Spain, despite the existence of a Degree in Advertising and Public Relations. In addition to core subjects, which are set by the government and required on all university curricula, the Spanish system allows universities to complete their curriculum with other compulsory and elective courses. Given this freedom, universities have failed to come up with either the specific contents for public relations or for liberal arts, social sciences and business courses that will enable students to enter the profession. In light of the future restructuring of degrees through the Bologna Process, this situation is a serious threat to the continuity of public relations teaching in Spanish universities.     

定位误差的简明计算研究

主要阐述了定位误差的基本概念和分析计算方法，并举例说明其运用.     

美国在巴以和平进程中的角色调整

伊拉克战后的安全问题令布什政府的外交政策备受国内外批评,使得后布什时代的美国政府将解决巴以问题作为突破口,一改往日对巴以问题的冷漠态度,转而主动推动巴以和平进程,采用多重"遏制战略"和"平衡战略"以实现自身角色的调整。然而,由于巴以问题的复杂性和美国全球霸权结构的利己性,布什政府的角色调整对于巴以和平进程具有双重绩效。     

International alliance commitment and performance of small and medium-size enterprises: The mediating role of process control

Improving alliance performance is a critical issue that both managers and researchers have attempted to resolve. Recently scholars have suggested that firms can use alliance commitment and process controls to improve alliance performance. Yet research has only found weak support for these direct effects. In this paper we examine the mediating role of process controls on the relationship between alliance commitment and alliance performance. When tested on samples of SMEs we find support for our theoretical predictions. We then discuss the managerial implications of using commitment and process controls in SME international alliances.     

The Effect of Support Expectations on Prenatal Attachment: An Evidence-Based Approach for Intervention in an Adolescent Population

This study was designed to determine the significant variables predicting prenatal attachment in an adolescent population. Scientifically supported knowledge of the factors enhancing attachment plays a crucial role in assisting social workers and other health care professionals to accurately assess and intervene to decrease pregnancy risks. Previous prenatal attachment studies demonstrated conflicting findings due to problems from using different theoretical frameworks and research methodologies. In order to ensure consistency, this study infused an attachment theory perspective. Bowlby’s attachment theory, Levitt’s support expectations model, and research from prenatal relationship studies were integrated. The social survey sampled 129 minority status pregnant adolescents attending public school. Measurements included the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) and the Support Expectations Index (SEI). Regression analyses revealed that support expectation was a powerful predictor of prenatal attachment with pregnancy planning and less stress adding importantly to explain over 33% of the variance. Support expectation was a greater predictor of prenatal attachment than the actual support available. Findings also supported the construct of prenatal attachment as the initial stage of development of the life cycle. Janis B. Feldman is an Assistant Professor, University, of Texas-Pan American.     

Claiming a Space for International Social Work: Voices From the Field

Despite the rise in interest in international social work, surprisingly little empirical evidence exists outlining the knowledge, values, and skills required of social workers to succeed in the global arena. This qualitative study conducted from the spring through winter months of 2013 involved 10 semi-structured interviews with experienced international social workers triangulated with a content analysis of 52 international job postings. Findings suggest that social work professional perspectives including eco-systemic thinking, social justice principles, strength-based analyses, and foundational skills, such as developing empowering person-centered relationships, exhibiting cultural humility, implementing participatory approaches to research and practice, and demonstrating reflexivity, are not always valued by international colleagues nor sought in job advertisements. Furthermore, upon graduation, MSW social workers may lack key areas of expertise expected of international workers such as program monitoring and evaluation, grant writing, policy development, and communicating with media and high-level officials. Ultimately, the invisibility of foundational social work skills and lack of other technical expertise may not only challenge social workers' competitiveness on the global market but also threaten their maintenance of a professional social work identity over time. The authors provide guidance for schools of social work and accrediting bodies to improve social workers' readiness for international work and strengthen their presence in the international arena.     

跨境电子商务合同履行流程研究

“互联网+外贸”促进了跨境电子商务的蓬勃发展。而跨境电子商务贸易中最重要的环节为合同履行的过程,它是指在跨境电子商务合同商订后,买卖双方需要做的以使整个交易顺利完成的所有工作,其具体流程主要包括买方付款、卖方发货、报检进仓、平台报关和物流配送及信息跟踪。但目前由于我国的跨境电子商务刚刚起步,政策监管体系还不完善,政策支持还未到位,合同履行中第三方支付、物流、检验检疫以及报关纳税等流程都存在诸多问题。因此,针对这些具体问题,需要在现有交易支付平台上建立健全用户核对系统,确保交易安全,还要构建跨境电子商务风险监控和质量追溯体系,并创新海关监管模式,完善申报制度,并尽快建立一套完善的物流整体解决方案来实现物流、海关和商检等环节的快速衔接,进而促进我国跨境电子商务的快速健康发展。     

Path to “Stardom” in Globally Distributed Hybrid Teams: An Examination of a Knowledge‐Centered Perspective using Social Network Analysis

Although distributed teams have been researched extensively in information systems and decision science disciplines, a review of the literature suggests that the dominant focus has been on understanding the factors affecting performance at the team level. There has however been an increasing recognition that specific individuals within such teams are often critical to the team's performance. Consequently, existing knowledge about such teams may be enhanced by examining the factors that affect the performance of individual team members. This study attempts to address this need by identifying individuals who emerge as “stars” in globally distributed teams involved in knowledge work such as information systems development (ISD). Specifically, the study takes a knowledge‐centered view in explaining which factors lead to “stardom” in such teams. Further, it adopts a social network approach consistent with the core principles of structural/relational analysis in developing and empirically validating the research model. Data from U.S.–Scandinavia self‐managed “hybrid” teams engaged in systems development were used to deductively test the proposed model. The overall study has several implications for group decision making: (i) the study focuses on stars within distributed teams, who play an important role in shaping group decision making, and emerge as a result of a negotiated/consensual decision making within egalitarian teams; (ii) an examination of emergent stars from the team members’ point of view reflects the collective acceptance and support dimension decision‐making contexts identified in prior literature; (iii) finally, the study suggests that the social network analysis technique using relational data can be a tool for a democratic decision‐making technique within groups.     

知识传统批判与后知识话语之可能

后知识话语的建构首先必须面对合法化与伦理诉求问题,而这一切又无不与作为知识主体的知识分子的知识立场密切相关。如何谋求语用修辞、话语合法化以及知识主体的伦理立场的有效运作,是后知识话语建构的必要途径,也是后知识话语摒弃知识传统而建构自我所不可回避的挑战。     

当代西方知识社会批判思想评析

当代西方知识社会批判论主要从以下几方面对知识社会进行批判:（1）知识社会过快的变化速度使得社会变化的方向难以把握;（2）知识社会有可能导致社会的非群体化,阻隔了真实的人际交往;（3）知识社会中文化滞差的加大,给道德、价值观等精神领域方面带来新的问题;（4）知识社会以知识的拥有量决定阶层的划分,可能导致新的社会分化;（5）知识社会经济的非物质性特点会造成经济的内部空虚;（6）知识社会中知识与信息一体化将引起知识文化品质的降低;（7）知识社会中知识的产业化使知识受商品观念驱使,从而影响了知识自身的形象。这派理论基于结构主义观点,关注知识社会存在的负面效应并反思了知识进步与社会变迁的关系,有助于我们更全面地评价知识社会并在实践中兴利除弊。