网络时代的工业设计走向

网络本身是中性的,它提供的仅仅是一个信息承载空间。网络对于工业设计的意义在于:一方面,网络的出现带来新的设计现象;另一方面,导致在设计领域及设计工具、方法上的延伸与拓展。     

电气信息类专业人才创新能力培养模式初探

为培养学生的工程实践和创新能力,教学过程应着力形成教学、科研、生产紧密结合的过程,形成三个阶段三条线相互交叉、相互融合的过程;在主观与客观碰撞中,进发创新的火花,在着力发展个性特长的同时,注重开发技术应用能力,在真实的工程环境中训练学生的实际工作能力。为达此目的,须构建和营造新的人才成长机制和环境,探索新的人才培养模式,正确处理好教学、科研、生产的关系。     

群论中的一个定理及其应用

证明了群论中的一个定理并运用这个定理简化或解决了群论中许多其它问题。     

The effect of product variety on purchase probability

Regarding the effect of product variety on purchase probability, there exist findings which demonstrate a positive effect of variety for small assortments and a negative effect of variety for large assortments. Despite these results, little evidence exists about the causal mechanism of this effect. We conduct a field study among German consumer electronics customers to investigate the previously proposed constructs of anticipated product utility, anticipated regret and evaluation costs. The results suggest that anticipated regret and evaluation costs play a powerful role in explaining the negative link between variety and purchase probability for high variety assortments. Anticipated product utility on the other hand serves to explain part of the positive causality for low variety assortments. The results obtained give rise to recommendations for the planning of assortments.

How car dealers adjust prices to reach the product efficiency frontier in the Spanish automobile market

This paper investigates the relationship between the dynamics of price discounts at the dealership level and product efficiency in the Spanish auto market. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA), product efficiency scores are estimated for 2092 different vehicles commercialized during 2010, using an innovative database that accounts for more than 75 technical attributes of each model. By alternating official and discounted prices on the DEA specification, we are able to propose a measure of competitive improvement in the retailing stage. We also introduce a decomposition of this measure into two indices that account for the “commercial effort” made by the dealer and the “intensification of competition” that results from the discounting efforts of the other dealers. Finally, we explore the importance of a number of drivers of dealer discounts. As expected, the results confirm the existence of an inverse relationship between product efficiency and dealer discount. Also as expected, discounts are significantly larger for generalist brands, aged models and gasoline engines.     

一种乘积估计量的研究

在抽样调查中恰当地使用辅助信息可以提高调查精度。当辅助变量x与调查指标y呈负相关关系时,乘积估计是构造总体均值估计传统的方法。本文提出了链式乘积估计量,并且得到了它的均方误差。在一定条件下,链式乘积估计量的效率高于传统估计量,并提供了一个数值例子。     

Effect of product and geographic diversification on company performance: Evidence during an economic crisis

Based on a novel sample of Spanish listed companies from nonfinancial sectors, we explore the effect of product and geographic diversification on company performance during an economic downturn. The study develops comprehensive models to understand the interaction effect of both strategies on company performance. We find a U-shaped geographic diversification–performance relationship and no evidence of a positive effect from product diversification, unless combined with high levels of geographic diversification. The results show that companies improved their performance by combining these strategies. The results are robust after controlling for the endogeneity of both types of diversification. Our findings highlight that geographic diversification is an effective and valuable strategy in economic downturns. Furthermore, this study confirms the importance of the interaction between product and geographic diversification to determine the total effect of product or geographic diversification on company performance.     

The US–China trade war and Phase One agreement

The Trump administration changed US trade policy toward China in ways that will take years for researchers to sort out. This paper makes four specific contributions to that research agenda. The first is to carefully mark the timing, definitions, and scale of the products subject to the tariff changes affecting US–China trade from January 20, 2017 through January 20, 2021. One result was each country increasing its average duty on the other to rates of roughly 20 percent, with the new tariffs and counter-tariffs covering more than 50 percent of bilateral trade. The second contribution is to highlight two additional channels through which bilateral tariffs changed during this period that received less research attention. One tariff change is through product exclusions, another is trade remedy policies of antidumping and countervailing duties. The third contribution is to provide an initial exploration into why China fell more than 40 percent short of meeting the goods purchase commitments set out under the first year of the Phase One agreement. The last contribution is to consider additional trade policy actions—involving forced labor, export controls for reasons of national security or human rights, and reclassification of trade with Hong Kong—likely to affect US–China trade beyond the Trump administration.     

The Roles of Supply Chain Intelligence and Adaptability in New Product Launch Success

Many new product introductions continue to be unsuccessful, and while researchers have studied product development processes, relatively few studies directly address new product launch. We do so in the present research and posit that supply chain intelligence, defined as technological and competitive knowledge sourced and integrated from suppliers, customers, and competitors, plays an important role in explaining new product launch success. We further employ the knowledge‐based view to theorize that both supply chain adaptability and product innovation capability act as important mediators of the effects of supply chain intelligence on new product launch success and firm financial performance. While the former capability refers to a firm's ability to quickly adjust its supply chain to react to market and product design changes, the latter refers to the firm's proficiency in developing innovative new products. We test hypothesized relationships among these factors utilizing data collected in a survey of 229 U.S. manufacturing firms. Results point to the central role of supply chain adaptability in capturing the benefits of supplier technological intelligence for enhanced product innovation capability, new product launch success, and firm financial performance. In contrast, product innovation capability serves as the generative means by which customer and competitor intelligence is translated into more successful new product launches, which, in turn, produce superior firm financial performance. Overall, these findings contribute to a better understanding of factors that can explain why certain product launches are more successful than others, and offer practical insights for appropriate investments in the development of related knowledge resources.