农副产品营养质量模糊识别与评价

本文利用模糊集理论与决策科学，结合营养学知识，建立了农副产品营养质量识别与评价体系，并对1358种农副产品进行评判，效果较好。     

产品组合决策模型的适用性比较分析﹡

目前广泛使用的产品组合决策模型包括矩阵模型和定量模型两大类别。二者各有其使用价值,其中矩阵模型更适合做产品组合经营战略选择的工具,而定量模型特别适合投资组合的投资优先顺序的确定决策。但是传统产品组合决策定量模型及其现代使用的作业成本法和约束理论都存在一定缺陷而影响其使用效力。为了使决策定量模型更为合理化和适用化,尚需综合考虑产品的市场受欢迎度和不受欢迎产品的处理成本等综合市场竞争因素,优化决策模型,使改进后的决策模型更适应强烈市场竞争下的企业产品组合决策。     

论中国翻译学术语的规范

翻译学的长足发展需要建立并完善自己的元语言(metalanguage)。翻译学发展过程中术语的形成和厘立是这一学科科学化、合理化的表现,是翻译学发展进程中不可或缺的重要阶段。本文阐述了当前中国翻译学术语使用的混乱状态及原因,以事实为根据指出中国翻译学术语走向规范的条件已具备。文章列举了在中国规范翻译研究术语使用理应包含的三方面内容,即:对传统译论中的术语进行系统科学的解读,规范传统翻译学术语的使用;规范现已引进的西方翻译研究术语的使用;规范将要引进的国外翻译理论中术语的翻译和使用。     

An alternative estimator for multiple characteristics in PPS sampling

The problem considered relates to large-scale sample surveys. A new estimator of population total for the characteristics that are poorly correlated with the selection probabilities has been developed for the PPSWR sampling scheme. The relative efficiency of the proposed estimator has been studied under a super-population model. A numerical investigation into the performance of the estimator has also been made.     

Effects of Remanufacturable Product Design on Market Segmentation and the Environment

Despite documented benefits of remanufacturing, many manufacturers have yet to embrace the idea of tapping into remanufactured‐goods markets. In this article, we explore this dichotomy and analyze the effect of remanufacturable product design on market segmentation and product and trade‐in prices by studying a two‐stage profit‐maximization problem in which a price‐setting manufacturer can choose whether or not to open a remanufactured‐goods market for its product. Our results suggest that it is optimal for a manufacturer to design a remanufacturable product when the value‐added from remanufacturing is relatively high but product durability is relatively low and innovation is nominal. In addition, we find that entering a remanufactured‐goods market in and of itself does not necessarily translate into environmental friendliness. On the one hand, the optimal trade‐in program could result in low return and/or remanufacturing rates. On the other hand, a low price for remanufactured products could attract higher demand and thereby potentially result in more damage to the environment. Meanwhile, external restrictions imposed on total greenhouse gas emissions draw criticism in their own right because they risk stifling growth or reducing overall consumer welfare. Given these trade‐offs, we therefore develop and compare several measures of environmental efficiency and conclude that emissions per revenue can serve as the best proxy for emissions as a metric for measuring overall environmental stewardship.     

FORRIDGE - Principles of good practice in material flow

The post World War II Industrial Revolution has driven production away from the old 'economies of scale' to the new 'economies of scope'. Apparently Japanese led, the associated roots of present good practice on material flow can be traced back in the USA to Jay Forrester and in the UK to Jack Burbidge. Specifically, in the supply chain scenario, Forrester exposed the importance of system structure in relating and integrating information flow with material flow. Similarly Burbidge led the way in exploiting cycle time reduction, synchronization of orders throughout the chain, simplified product structures, and streamlined component flows. This paper unites their contributions to material flow engineering and shows how present day system design methodologies incorporate their ideas on best practice. These principles are particularly relevant to the product delivery process (PDP) which governs material flow in supply chains.     

“麦克米伦缺口”分析及中国式治理

中小企业有效融资是世界性难题,全球范围内＂麦克米伦缺口＂依然十分突出。在中国,＂麦克米伦缺口＂有着不同于其他国家和地区的特征和成因,因此也产生了针对这些特殊性的中国式治理。虽然目前的各种治理方法还略微粗糙,却有效地缓解了困扰已久的中小企业融资窘境。随着治理＂麦克米伦缺口＂各种探索的持续深入,中国金融界在不久的将来或许就能全面破解这一世界性的难题。     

Environmental regulatory influence and product innovation: the contingency effects of organizational characteristics

This paper examines the relationship between environmental regulatory influence and product innovation in a multi-industry sample of manufacturing organizations. Our theory argues that the influence of environmental regulation on the level of product innovation in a manufacturing organization is at least partially contingent on the organization's internal characteristics—in particular, its structural flexibility and production process flexibility. Hypotheses are derived from our theory and tested, and the results are consistent with the conclusion that structural flexibility and production process flexibility moderate the environmental regulatory influence–product innovation relationship. Whether environmental regulation inhibits or promotes product innovation seems to depend at least in part on certain internal features of an organization. We discuss implications of our results for future organization studies research on environmental regulation, and for research on other types of external constraints on organizational performance.     

The Impact of Product Returns and Retailer's Service Investment on Manufacturer's Channel Strategies*

We study the distribution channel decision of a manufacturer who considers whether to add an online channel (direct channel) to its brick‐and‐mortar retailer (indirect channel). The retailer faces the opportunity to invest in store assistance to help consumers choose products and thus reduce product returns. Special attention is given to the impact of product returns and retailer's store assistance investment on manufacturer's dual channel decision. We examine conditions under which the manufacturer uses dual channels and how various relevant factors affect its channel decision under two settings, depending on whether the retailer has its own online store or not. When the retailer does not have its online store, we find that (i) the addition of the direct channel raises the wholesale price; (ii) the direct channel addition hurts the retailer if the nonreplacement rate is low; (iii) the manufacturer has a lower incentive to add the direct channel when the retailer's service cost is lower or its returns reduction rate from service investment is higher; and (iv) the manufacturer should treat its own returns handling cost as a key factor in its channel structure decision. In addition, when the retailer operates an online store, we find that the manufacturer may have an incentive to add a direct channel such that both firms own direct channels.     

预约定价制及其在我国的发展展望

预约定价制是近些年兴起的一种以税务当局与企业预先签订协议的形式解决转让定价问题的方法。美国于1991年推出预约定价制，以协调税务当局与纳税人之间的关系。预约定价制可以较好解决各方争议，但也具有手续繁琐、易造成商业机密的流失等不足。预约定价制被许多国家所认同，在我国也具有较快的发展。在我国发展预约定价制，必须逐渐完善相应法规政策，规范制度，提高监督水平。