产品服务增值与制造企业的战略扩张

产品服务正脱离原来对产品的依附状态,成为价值创新和新的价值创造的重要途径。产品服务增值可以创造产品差别化优势,有助于保持忠诚的顾客关系,是现代制造企业的竞争优势所在。因此,现代制造企业必须构建全面的顾客服务理念,重视内部营销,强化顾客关系管理。     

La sociologie du travail en Amérique latine : un essai de périodisation

Even though some areas in Latin America were already industrialized in the 1930s, labor sociology did not appear there till after WW II. Although this discipline followed in the tracks of its North American or European predecessors, the region’s history has affected its development. Three historical phases over the past half century draw attention: industrialization by replacing imported merchandise with goods produced by national firms; the authoritarian governments or military dictatorships that put a halt to the developing homeland economy; and the competitive restructuring that is programming the abandonment of public firms and advocating an export-driven economic model. During each phase, new questions have arisen but without making ideas from the preceding phase obsolete. — Special issue: Latin America.     

Stiff surprise on stiffness: an incident in product development in an alliance setting

An incident that occurred in a product development project is analyzed to see how participants cope differently with surprising situations. Variety in coping generates cognitive dissonance in the project team, which means that the situation not only is complex for the individual team member but that it is difficult to trace, here and now, causal chains on a collective level. The situation is aggravated if the problem occurs in an alliance setting, as more consultation is required to trace deviations from the expected and reach agreements on solutions. Furthermore, if the alliance is between companies in the car industry, with its articulated brand values, coping with surprises can be extremely stressful, with time schedules and budgets under pressure. This analysis was made possible by the authors being permitted to video-film project management meetings and project members responding, individually, to the playback of a video sequence from a meeting they attended with the attached question “What is going on here?”     

Nonparametric Estimation of Search Costs for Differentiated Products: Evidence from Medigap

Abstract

This article develops a method to estimate search frictions as well as preference parameters in differentiated product markets. Search costs are nonparametrically identified, which means our method can be used to estimate search costs in differentiated product markets that lack a suitable search cost shifter. We apply our model to the U.S. Medigap insurance market. We find that search costs are substantial: the estimated median cost of searching for an insurer is $30. Using the estimated parameters we find that eliminating search costs could result in price decreases of as much as $71 (or 4.7%), along with increases in average consumer welfare of up to $374.     

新形势下人民币国际化风险研究

在美元指数持续走强、欧洲央行推出新一轮 QE 政策、我国经济增长放缓和贸易顺差急剧收窄的背景下,人民币国际化面临着汇率双向波动幅度加大、货币替代和反向货币替代交替出现、加大股市波动幅度,易引发系统性风险、特里芬难题、国际金融危机外溢和受现有国际货币阻扰的一系列风险。为此,需从建立外汇风险预警防范机制、适时推出外汇衍生产品、谨慎开放资本项目及加强国际交流合作等方面进行风险的防范和化解。     

Calibration Approach-based Product Estimator of Finite Population Total with Subsampling of Nonrespondents under Single and Two-phase Sampling

Hansen and Hurwitz (1946) technique–based estimator of population total is proposed using the calibration approach under the assumption that the auxiliary variable is negatively correlated with the study variable. The variance estimation is also considered. The two-phase sampling case is also explored. The theoretical results are demonstrated through empirical studies using both generated and real population data. The proposed estimator of population total outperforms the existing estimators in terms of the criteria of relative bias and relative root mean square error.     

Maneuvering through Hostile Environments: How Firms Leverage Product and Process Innovativeness

Is focusing on innovativeness the appropriate organizational response in hostile environments? This study addresses four distinct forms of hostile environments: market decline, restrictiveness, competition, and resource scarcity. The research draws on contingency theory to explain how these forms of hostility affect product innovativeness, process innovativeness, and firm performance. While the extant literature has investigated the effects of hostile environments on performance, little has been done to distinguish between different forms of hostility and, in turn, their potential effect on product and process innovativeness. We argue that investments in product and process innovativeness are either fostered or hindered, contingent on the form of hostile pressures from the external operating environment. These firm responses should in turn suppress the negative effects of hostility on performance. A survey using newly developed measurement scales for hostile environments was used to collect data from 148 small and medium‐sized manufacturing plants. The results provide evidence that generally supports our hypotheses. More specifically, the direct effects of the four forms of hostile environments impact product and process innovativeness differently. Likewise, the suppression and consistent mediation effects of product and process innovativeness differ depending upon the type of hostile environment, suggesting that manufacturers consider applying these capabilities contingent upon the type of hostile climate they face. Therefore, to understand how firms leverage product and process innovativeness, hostile environments are best differentiated into categories rather than being aggregated.     

东北地区出口商品结构与经济增长关系的实证研究

笔者利用初级产品与工业制品的和、差比例关系,构造了一个描述出口商品结构的变量,并根据东北地区1990—2008年的相关数据,对东北地区出口商品结构与经济增长之间的关系进行了计量分析和检验,得出了相关结论。     

The role of product design in designer-buyer-supplier interface

This paper advocates early supplier involvement in the early phases of product design and development in a concurrent engineering environment. A concurrent engineering environment and the benefits of such involvement are explained in detail. The paper then focuses on facilitating an interface and collaboration among designer, supplier, and buyer at three planning horizons: strategic, intermediate, and tactical with respect to product design and development. A set of propositions and corollaries for each area of interface at each level of planning are proposed. These propositions and corollaries are intended to effectively accomplish the design-based sourcing and early supplier involvement. Then, each proposition is evaluated in practice and the extent of difference from theory to practice is discussed. Finally, concluding remarks and an assessment are presented.     

连锁酒店产品战略分析——以济南市槐荫区7天连锁酒店为例

以济南市槐荫区7天连锁酒店经十中路分店的产品销售战略为研究对象,主要采用随机问卷调查和实地考察的方法进行数据收集,运用Excel软件对调查的数据进行整理分析,以SWOT战略组合模型提出该酒店可以采用WO战略,即扭转内部劣势把握外部机会,使其产品在同类酒店中更具优势,从而使得7天连锁酒店在济南市经济型酒店市场中更具竞争力。