计算机软件作为出租主要标的的判定——以信息混合产品交易的法律性质确定为视角

当出租的标的是软件与有形物相结合的信息混合产品时,此类交易的法律性质应视为软件的出租还是有形物的租赁就决定了该出租行为是否须得到软件著作权人的许可,其中的关键问题是如何确定计算机软件是否是出租的主要标的,其实质是如何判断信息混合产品交易的主要标的是有形货物还是软件。通过借鉴美国司法实践中确定信息混合产品交易的法律性质所...     

现行联绵字语素判断方法的局限性

由于联绵字语素判断一直没有可行的方法,对同一个联绵字进行语素判断,不同的人常有不同的结论。文章考察了用朴素分析法、同型替代法、词义对照法判断联绵字语素所存在的问题。     

Product design strategies in a manufacturer–retailer distribution channel

Product design decision has significant impacts on firm's competitive edge. In a distribution channel, product design strategy of a manufacturer depends not only on its own decisions, but also on the behaviors of its upstream and downstream partners along the channel. This paper investigates the optimal product design strategy of a manufacturer in a two-stage supply chain that consists of an upstream manufacturer and a downstream retailer. Customers are classified into two groups (i.e., two market segments) according to their difference on quality valuations. For each of the two potential market segments, the manufacturer needs to decide if it is beneficial to design a product with appropriate quality level to meet the demand of customers in the market segment. The retailer procures the product from the manufacturer, and then sells to customers at a retail price. By considering the interactions between the manufacturer and the retailer, this paper first describes the product design problem as a manufacturer-dominant Stackelberg game, and presents the optimal product design strategy for the manufacturer. To improve the performance of the supply chain, the revenue-sharing contract is then introduced into the product design problem. It is found that the revenue-sharing contract can perfectly coordinate the distribution channel in the product design problem. Numerical experiments illustrate the impacts of customer characteristics on the optimal product design strategies.     

Random partition models with regression on covariates

Many recent applications of nonparametric Bayesian inference use random partition models, i.e. probability models for clustering a set of experimental units. We review the popular basic constructions. We then focus on an interesting extension of such models. In many applications covariates are available that could be used to a priori inform the clustering. This leads to random clustering models indexed by covariates, i.e., regression models with the outcome being a partition of the experimental units. We discuss some alternative approaches that have been used in the recent literature to implement such models, with an emphasis on a recently proposed extension of product partition models. Several of the reviewed approaches were not originally intended as covariate-based random partition models, but can be used for such inference.     

Order statistics from discrete distributions

Several recurrence relations and identities available for single and product moments of order1 statistics in a sample size n from an arbitrary continuous distribution are extended for the discrete case,, Making use of these recurrence relations it is shown that it is sufficient to evaluate just two single moments and (n-l)/2 product moments when n is odd and two single moments and {n-2)/2 product moments when n is even, in order to evaluate the first, second and product moments of order statistics in a sample of size n drawn from an arbitrary discrete distribution, given these moments in samples of sizes n-1 and less.. A series representation for the product moments of order statistics is derived.. Besides enabling us to obtain an exact and explicit expression for the product moments of order statistics from the geometric distribution, it. makes the computation of the product moments of order statistics from other discrete distributions easy too.     

The product <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis> density distribution arising from the product of two Student’s <Emphasis Type="Italic">t</Emphasis> PDFs

The Student’s t distribution has become increasingly prominent and is considered as a competitor to the normal distribution. Motivated by real examples in Physics, decision sciences and Bayesian statistics, a new t distribution is introduced by taking the product of two Student’s t pdfs. Various structural properties of this distribution are derived, including its cdf, moments, mean deviation about the mean, mean deviation about the median, entropy, asymptotic distribution of the extreme order statistics, maximum likelihood estimates and the Fisher information matrix. Finally, an application to a Bayesian testing problem is illustrated.     

民族地区FDI、对外贸易与经济增长的相关性研究——基于广西1990-2013的实证分析

International trade and investment have been two major topics in the field of interna-tional economics. They are also two main ways to deepen foreign economic ties. With the rapid de-velopment of the China—ASEAN free trade area and the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone, international trade and investment have had an important influ-ence on the ethnic areas of Guangxi. Guangxi is a frontier and coastal minority area, and as well as an important window opening on to the ASEAN e-conomic sphere and economic hinterland. It has great power and vitality for economic development within the ASEAN economic sphere. However, Guangxi, if compared with domestic developed are-as, is a relatively backward region within China’s economy. Its level for utilizing FDI( Foreign Direct Investment) lags behind, and its foreign trade vol-ume has definitely lagged far behind that in the more developed coastal provinces. This has severe-ly restricted the economic and social transformation of the Guangxi, and is an important obstacle for re-alizing a “well -off” society in ethnic areas. In recent years, resulting in the increasing external dependency in ethnic areas, the development of foreign investment has kept steady. This has played an important role in promoting technological progress and adjusting the industrial structure in ethnic areas. At the same time, foreign investment has also increased the speed of the ethnic minority areas’ ability to absorb advanced technology and management experience. This, in turn, has had great significance for further exploring international markets. However, the various regions in China have differences in their utilization of FDI and for-eign trade, so, effective an evaluation for exploring foreign trade and FDI has had a specific effect on the economic growth in ethnic areas, which can provide certain reference points for ethnic minority areas to formulate economic policy. Based on the relevant data of exports, imports and economic growth collected between 1990 and 2013 for Guan-gxi, and using statistical analysis and the econo-metric regression method, this article studies the relationship between FDI, foreign trade and eco-nomic growth in ethnic minority areas of Guangxi.