跨文化交际中的语用失误及策略研究

随着跨国交际日益增多,跨文化交际中的语用失误问题突显,由于思维方向不同,文化背景差异、母语负迁移等原因造成交际的冲突和失败。跨文化交际的语用失误需要依靠交际双方的顺应和宽容,提高对目的语文化的领悟力和敏感性去解决。     

跨文化交际中语用失误原因探微

本文从语用学的角度出发 ,通过列举大量语用失误的案例 ,分析了跨文化交际中的语用失误的两种类型和语用失误的种种原因 ,以期在注重语言知识的同时 ,增强对与英语为本族语者进行交谈时的语用失误的敏感 ,避免不必要的交际失当和交际误解 ,从而提高英语综合应用能力。     

跨文化语用失误分析及对策

语用失误是跨文化交际的一个重要研究课题。本文探讨了语用失误的原因及语用策略,以求提高外语学习者的跨文化交际能力。     

专家参与危机管理中的信任失灵与策略转换

公众科学知识素养的缺乏,社会功能的分工及科技民主价值观念的形成,决定了专家参与危机管理的必要性。中国危机管理面临着突出的专家信任失灵问题。公众对专家知识期望的理想化、专家自身知识的价值偏向、专家参与机制有效性无法保证、信息公开透明度不够等,从知识论层面与现实层面构成了信任失灵的根源。构建专家信息库、提高言论被“收买”的风险成本、完善良好的沟通机制是重获专家信任权威的有效策略。     

英译中文商品名称的语用失误研究

从语用学的视角展开对翻译的研究,可以赋予翻译研究新的深度和广度,使之更具实际价值。从语用翻译的角度出发,结合大量的实例分析,深入探讨了我国商品名称翻译中的语用失误之处。并进而指出中西语言文化的巨大差异是翻译中语用对等的最大障碍,是导致译名失误的主要原因。     

归因理论在数学教学中的指导意义

该文首先介绍了社会心理学中的归因理论,并结合作者的实际工作,论述了归因理论对数学教学工作的指导意义。它包括:教师必须弄清学生学习失败的真正原因,帮助学生树立自信心,并不断使其体验到因具备能力并加上自身的努力后取得成功的喜悦;强调经过努力获得成功也是学生自身能力的体现。教师应努力使学生深信,他们所要完成的学习任务是很有价值的,能够通过自我控制达到最佳的效果。     

当代中国重点大学建设的回顾与前瞻

新中国成立六十年来,经过20世纪五六十年代的重点大学建设、1990年代的"211工程"和"985工程"建设.逐渐走出一条基于中国国情的高水平大学建设之路,有力地促进了重点大学的跨越式发展,并带动了高等教育的整体发展.当前,面临新形势和新挑战,中国应该实现重点大学建设价值取向的多样化,建立行政推动与市场竞争相结合的重点大学遴选机制,加强重大学建设中的社会问责制度.     

内部人控制与非营利组织治理结构探讨

内部人控制是我国非营利组织中的一个严重问题,解决这一问题的关键是建立一个规范高效的非营利组织治理结构。     

Setting tolerance limits for statistical project control using earned value management

Project control has been a research topic since decades that attracts both academics and practitioners. Project control systems indicate the direction of change in preliminary planning variables compared with actual performance. In case their current project performance deviates from the planned performance, a warning is indicated by the system in order to take corrective actions.Earned value management/earned schedule (EVM/ES) systems have played a central role in project control, and provide straightforward key performance metrics that measure the deviations between planned and actual performance in terms of time and cost. In this paper, a new statistical project control procedure sets tolerance limits to improve the discriminative power between progress situations that are either statistically likely or less likely to occur under the project baseline schedule. In this research, the tolerance limits are derived from subjective estimates for the activity durations of the project. Using the existing and commonly known EVM/ES metrics, the resulting project control charts will have an improved ability to trigger actions when variation in a project׳s progress exceeds certain predefined thresholdsA computational experiment has been set up to test the ability of these statistical project control charts to discriminate between variations that are either acceptable or unacceptable in the duration of the individual activities. The computational experiments compare the use of statistical tolerance limits with traditional earned value management thresholds and validate their power to report warning signals when projects tend to deviate significantly from the baseline schedule.     

Robust Smoothed Rank Estimation Methods for Accelerated Failure Time Model Allowing Clusters

Smoothed Gehan rank estimation methods are widely used in accelerated failure time (AFT) models with/without clusters. However, most methods are sensitive to outliers in the covariates. In order to solve this problem, we propose robust approaches based on the smoothed Gehan rank estimation methods for the AFT model, allowing for clusters by employing two different weight functions. Simulation studies show that the proposed methods outperform existing smoothed rank estimation methods regarding their biases and standard deviations when there are outliers in the covariates. The proposed methods are also applied to a real dataset from the “Major cardiovascular interventions” study.