企业资源计划(ERP)实施成功的制约因素分析

ERP实施成功率太低是困扰ERP发展和企业应用的主要问题.分析制约ERP实施成功的关键性因素并提出相应的对策,具有重要的现实意义.     

小企业关键成功要素的跨国度比较

本文目的是论证中国小企业主对关键成功要素的洞察。在研究过程中,这些成功要素与对美国小企业所作的同样研究作对比。中国小企业的成功要素还将用于判定当企业处于生命周期的不同阶段时是否存在差异。研究发现,关键成功要素在要素结构上存在着差异,关键的不同点在于满足资金需求,以及小企业在中国的区域问题。同时也发现,关键成功要素对生命周期存在影响这一理论缺乏支持。     

Eyes on the Block: Measuring Urban Physical Disorder Through In-Person Observation

In this paper, we present results from measuring physical disorder in Los Angeles neighborhoods. Disorder measures came from structured observations conducted by trained field interviewers. We examine inter-rater reliability of disorder measures in depth. We assess the effects of observation conditions on the reliability of reporting. Finally, we examine the relationships between disorder, other indicators of neighborhood status, and selected individual outcomes.Our results indicate that there is considerable variation in the level of agreement among independent observations across items, although overall agreement is moderate to high. Durable indicators of disorder provide the most reliable measures of neighborhood conditions. Circumstances of observation have statistically significant effects on the observers’ perceived level of disorder. Physical disorder is significantly related to other indicators of neighborhood status, and to children’s reading and behavior development.This result suggests a need for further research into the effects of neighborhood disorder on children.     

基于SVM的建设项目风险识别方法研究

支持向量机(SVM)是在统计学习理论的基础上发展起来的一种新的机器学习方法。它基于结构风险最小化原则,能有效地解决过学习问题,具有良好的推广性和分类精确性。在项目风险管理中,风险识别是很重要的一个步骤,如果风险不能被识别,那么我们就不能对风险进行转移、控制或管理。针对该问题,本文提出了一种新的风险识别方法-支持向量机,利用该方法对项目风险识别进行了研究,并取得了很好的识别效果。     

创业氛围:不同地区企业创生行为差异新解

创业环境理论解释了"创业者到哪里创业"以及"为什么"等有关创业的客体问题,但不能很好地解释"创业者从何处来"以及"为何来自此处而非别处"等有关创业的主体问题。优越的创业环境在吸引外来投资的同时并不一定能够激发本地居民投身创业的热情。特定地区内的居民是否崇尚创业并采取创业行为,与创业氛围高度相关。而创业氛围的形成和传导,内生于区域内个体行为与参考群体的互动,取决于创业成功率与创业收益率,与企业密度正相关。     

宋元话本与张飞市民英雄形象的定型

张飞的形象在不同时代、不同作品中不尽相同.在宋元话本小说中,张飞是以市民英雄形象出现并定型的,他有发迹变泰的立业热情,而且勇猛自信、有计谋、有智慧.     

Optimal Mission Abort Policy for Systems Operating in a Random Environment

Many real‐world critical systems, e.g., aircrafts, manned space flight systems, and submarines, utilize mission aborts to enhance their survivability. Specifically, a mission can be aborted when a certain malfunction condition is met and a rescue or recovery procedure is then initiated. For systems exposed to external impacts, the malfunctions are often caused by the consequences of these impacts. Traditional system reliability models typically cannot address a possibility of mission aborts. Therefore, in this article, we first develop the corresponding methodology for modeling and evaluation of the mission success probability and survivability of systems experiencing both internal failures and external shocks. We consider a policy when a mission is aborted and a rescue procedure is activated upon occurrence of the m th shock. We demonstrate the tradeoff between the system survivability and the mission success probability that should be balanced by the proper choice of the decision variable m . A detailed illustrative example of a mission performed by an unmanned aerial vehicle is presented.     

多主体参与项目治理:行政干预还是市场调节?——以农业标准化示范项目为例

多主体参与项目治理是项目制在实践过程中表现出的一种普遍治理形态和经验模式,是长期以来"有为政府"干预和"有效市场"调节共同作用的一个结果。回顾历史,我国农业标准化示范项目经历了从政府单一主体管理到向以农业企业为代表的多主体共治的转变,这一转变对项目参与主体地位、资金配置、协商机制产生了重要影响。推动这一结构转变的因素主要包括两方面:一是制度和市场条件逐渐成熟,即"政府适时适当的宏观调控"和"逐步完善的市场机制";二是政府与农业新型经营主体的需求日渐凸显,即"政府的有为需要市场力量"与"市场主体发挥了有效作用"。     

The impact of project team characteristics and client collaboration on project agility and project success: An empirical study

Although many companies pursue agile projects, extant literature reveals a lack of research on project agility determinants. This study examines the project team characteristics' impact on project agility and success using cross-sectional survey data from 292 agile projects. Using agile principles and complex adaptive systems theory, we find that project team autonomy, team diversity, and client collaboration have significant positive relationships with project agility. Project agility, in turn, has a significant positive relationship to project success. We measure project success by on-time completion, on-budget completion, specifications' attainment, and success rating by the project sponsor, client, and project team members. We find that project team members' adaptive performance partially mediates the relationship between project agility and success. These results guide agile project managers while facilitating team members to independently schedule their work, determine effective work methods, and develop innovative solutions. Moreover, they help agile managers recruit team members with relevant, diverse skill sets, domain knowledge, and expertise. Agile project managers must emphasize client collaboration in requirements gathering, designing, testing, and project reviews.     

Modelling two types of heterogeneity in the analysis of student success

ABSTRACT

Student dropout is a worldwide problem, leading private and public universities in developed and underdeveloped countries to study the subject carefully or, as has recently been done, to analyse what drives student success. On this matter, different approaches are used to obtain useful information for decision-making. We propose a model that considers the enrolment date to the dropout or graduation date and also covariates to measure student success rates, to identify what the academic and non-academic factors are, and how they drive the student success. Our proposal assumes that there is one part of the population who is not at risk of dropping out, and that the part of the population at risk is heterogeneous, that is, we assume two types of heterogeneity. We highlight two advantages of our model: one is to identify the period of higher risk to dropout due to considering the academic survival time and the second is due to the inclusion of covariates that enable us to identify the characteristics linked to dropout. In this research, we also demonstrate the identifiability of the model and describe the estimation procedures. To exemplify the applicability of the approach, we use two real datasets.