从困境到提升：高校“青马工程”的有效途径研究——以上海大学“青马工程”为例

高校“青马工程”是社会转型期国家培养较高政治素养、较高理论和实践能力的优秀青年培养项目。而在教育实践过程中,“青马工程”却面临着特色亮点不明显、实效针对性不强以及内涵建设不足等发展困境。上海大学“青马工程”不断创新育人途径,提倡多样化教育,以满足高校学生理论学习和实践探索的需求。多样化教育涵盖了传统文化教育、信仰教育、同伴教育等多种教育途径,为进一步提升高校“青马工程”的有效性提供了经验借鉴。     

世界500强长寿企业成功因素探析——对中国企业的借鉴意义

在经济全球化发展的背景之下,中国经济持续高速发展,中国企业也面临着巨大的机会和挑战。中国有越来越多的企业走向世界,然而,在度过最初的成长期之后,大多数中国企业面临进一步发展的瓶颈;甚至于经过国内的巨大发展,走出国门之后也是境况迥异。中国企业应如何在激烈的市场竞争中占据一席之地,如何使自己的企业做大做强、基业常青,是中国企业管理理论和实践研究的热点,也是企业家和社会最为关注的问题之一。世界500强企业中有许多基业常青的典范,本文利用企业生命周期理论对世界500强中的长寿企业各个阶段进行探析,以此来总结提炼对中国企业具有借鉴作用的成功因素。同时,对中国企业目前普遍存在的问题进行了总结,提出了针对各个时期的发展具有指导性的建议。     

How Software Project Risk Affects Project Performance: An Investigation of the Dimensions of Risk and an Exploratory Model*

To reduce the high failure rate of software projects, managers need better tools to assess and manage software project risk. In order to create such tools, however, information systems researchers must first develop a better understanding of the dimensions of software project risk and how they can affect project performance. Progress in this area has been hindered by: (1) a lack of validated instruments for measuring software project risk that tap into the dimensions of risk that are seen as important by software project managers, and (2) a lack of theory to explain the linkages between various dimensions of software project risk and project performance. In this study, six dimensions of software project risk were identified and reliable and valid measures were developed for each. Guided by sociotechnical systems theory, an exploratory model was developed and tested. The results show that social subsystem risk influences technical subsystem risk, which, in turn, influences the level of project management risk, and ultimately, project performance. The implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.     

河北省港口建设与临港工业发展在环渤海地区的地位和作用

珠三角以轻纺工业为龙头,加速产业发展,打造了中国第一个经济发展引擎;长三角以现代服务业为龙头,加速产业发展,打造了中国第二个经济发展引擎,随着我国向工业化、现代化迈进,重化工业成为我国加速经济发展的战略支撑产业,环渤海地区将以港口为依托,带动重化工业及其相关产业的集群发展,打造中国第三个经济发展引擎。按照世界重化工业向沿海转移的发展趋势,环渤海地区冶金、石化工业向沿海转移势在必行,首钢搬迁河北曹妃甸,将成为推动环渤海地区临港工业发展的启动点。曹妃甸工程作为全国“十一五”规划的重点工程和河北省的“一号工程”,它的实施不仅是河北省面临的一次空前的发展机遇,而且对环渤海地区生产力布局的优化调整,以及临港重化工业基地建设具有巨大的推动作用和深远的影响。     

南水北调移民安置监测评估的困境与完善

目前南水北调移民安置监测评估充分引入独立第三方作为主要评估主体,且逐步建立了规范的评估流程,这说明管理方重视了对评估结果的运用。但是由于监测评估的总体法律体系尚不够完善,第三方发育不成熟,因而导致实践中存在着监测评估的科学性、公正性可能缺失等问题。面对这些困境,我们认为需要通过健全国家公共政策评估的法律体系和建立严格的行业监管,特别是发展多元评估体系,完善移民安置监测评估等方式来进一步完善。     

Sample size and the probability of a successful trial

This paper describes the distinction between the concept of statistical power and the probability of getting a successful trial. While one can choose a very high statistical power to detect a certain treatment effect, the high statistical power does not necessarily translate to a high success probability if the treatment effect to detect is based on the perceived ability of the drug candidate. The crucial factor hinges on our knowledge of the drug's ability to deliver the effect used to power the study. The paper discusses a framework to calculate the 'average success probability' and demonstrates how uncertainty about the treatment effect could affect the average success probability for a confirmatory trial. It complements an earlier work by O'Hagan et al. (Pharmaceutical Statistics 2005; 4:187-201) published in this journal. Computer codes to calculate the average success probability are included.     

Tick-Tock,Tick-Tock,Tick...: The Fizzles,Misfires, and Timed Delays of Manhattan Project Novels

Novelizations of the story of the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos have been in publication almost from the moment when news of the Project first broke. In this article I survey these productions, from their earliest beginnings in the writings of Upton Sinclair to their latest manifestation in Nora Gallagher’s novel Changing Light (2007). The best way in which to read these works is to locate them within a larger cultural trend, prevalent in the US, which takes stories of scientific achievement as a means to deflect attention from the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. However, one might also see these narratives as inadvertently revealing a gulf in the writer’s capacity to represent nuclear apocalypse within the genre of the historical novel.     

成功伦理的近代转变及重塑路向

成功蕴含的行为范式和价值导向能够改变社会行动的结构和个体德性培养的环境,对大众德性的养成产生深刻影响。成功伦理的重塑必须从人的现实生活世界着手,重视价值观念的衍生变化以及精神价值的引领。     

Taiwan quality indicator project and hospital productivity growth

The Taiwan Quality Indicator Project (TQIP) is a quality management program that measures and monitors the healthcare quality of hospitals in Taiwan. This paper examines the impact of TQIP participation on hospital productivity growth with the application of the Malmquist productivity change index based on data envelopment analysis (DEA). Analyzing operations data from 31 TQIP regional hospitals over the period 1998–2004, we find that TQIP hospitals improved their productivity in the post-TQIP period. This improvement is attributable to quality change and relative efficiency progress. The simultaneous enhancement in both quality and relative efficiency coincides with the philosophy of total quality management (TQM) spirit, and confirms the efficiency improvement and quality assurance functions of TQIP.     

中小企业新产品开发关键成功因素的识别及其实证研究

创新对于公司绩效的重要性引致了许多关于识别新产品开发成功因素的研究。然而,这些研究的大部分都是针对发达经济或是大型企业的;对于中小企业在新兴市场中如何开发新产品研究则相对较少。这篇论文试图分析中国中小企业新产品开发的成功因素以弥补这一研究的空缺。不同于传统的分析方法将新产品开发的每一阶段的成功因素都认为是同质的,我们对于新产品开发过程的每个阶段的成功因素从管理的角度来进行审视。我们发现我国中小企业在创意设想阶段并不将经济回报作为首要标准。虽然各成功因素的相对重要性在不同阶段会有所不同,技术、营销、商业性、管理等因素在所有阶段都是重要的。这个结果对于中小企业在新产品开发的各个阶段如何开发和管理新产品有一定的启示作用。