格式条款法律特征刍议

格式条款是合同法上的重要制度。我国现有合同法论著一般并未将格式条款的构成要件作为一个独立问题加以研究,笔者主要从六个方面分析讨论了格式条款的法律特征,即制订方面的特征、适用范围方面的特征、内容方面的特征、当事人关系方面的特征、形式方面的特征、解释方面的特征。     

心理暗示是人力资源管理的新途径

人们在物质需求得到满足之后,就开始追求精神上的满足。现代社会人力资源管理的核心在很大程度上是满足心理需求,也可以说现代社会人力资源管理的核心是心理管理,而心理管理的有效法门是心理暗示管理。     

A bio-psycho-social model of successful aging as shown through the variable “physical activity”

In this article, we present and explain a bio-psycho-social model of successful aging with subjective well-being as a criterion of a successful aging process. We focus on physical activity because it is a crucial behavior. Physical activity can support successful aging in two different ways: first, due to its physiological and cognitive effects, and Second, an older person can enhance subjective well-being (SWB) while being physically active. The model points out that an older person can regulate SWB. To do this, an older person should set and pursue personally and culturally valued goals. The strength of the association between setting a goal and goal pursuance, respectively, and SWB depends on the extent a person is able to satisfy psychological needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness). But, the decision as to which goal will be set and pursued does not belong to the older person exclusively. The bio-psycho-social model explains that the chance to enhance SWB is restricted by personal dispositions (e.g., physiological constitution, psychological factors) and social–structural constraints (e.g., predominant stereotype of aging, facilities especially for target groups). Funding credit: Landesstiftung Baden Württemberg gGmbH [Landesstiftung Foundation]     

大学新生心理问题与导航

据调查 ,在一些大学新生中存在着一系列的心理问题 ,这直接影响其身心健康。因而 ,适宜的心理导航十分必要 ,应引起教育工作者的关注。     

Leveraging psychological contracts as an HR strategy: The case of software developers

This article studies the management of software developers through the lens of the psychological contract and from the perspectives of employees and employers. Data were gathered through interviews with software developers and their human resources (HR) and/or direct managers in French high-tech companies. Our findings show the crucial role of HR and direct managers who shape a balanced professional psychological contract with developers as a specific HR strategy in order to respond to their job specificities and values. Specific HR practices (nature of the processes, involvement of developers in these processes, credibility of HR/direct managers and career development opportunities) and the working environment contribute to the development of trust and fairness, which form part of the content of the balanced contract.     

Psychological mechanisms of investors in Chinese Stock Markets

The study investigated the psychological mechanisms of risky investment behaviors in Chinese Stock Markets. A 42-item questionnaire was developed and distributed to 1547 individual investors recruited by stratified random sampling from Nan Fang Bond Company. A speculative orientation and a low level of risk perception among Chinese investors were revealed. The results also showed that investors were deficient in investment knowledge and skills. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a risk perception-mediated model for investment behaviors. We found that information from organizational/institutional level can precipitate low risk perception and policy-oriented speculation of investors, which could be accounted for by the collectivistic culture in China and may not be beneficial to risk management in Chinese Stock Markets. Suggestions were made regarding the further development of stock markets in China.     

Ticking Boxes and Changing the Social World: Data Collection and the New UK General Practice Contract

The new General Medical Services contract was introduced into general practice in the UK in 2004, and it links pay to performance far more than in the past. As a result, accurate data collection about patients and the care that they receive is now not only important for good patient care but also to prove that targets are being met. The use of electronic records and information technology has thus become much more sophisticated. This article reports the results from an ethnographic study of the early stages of the new contract in two general practices. As expected, electronic data collection had increased in importance in both practices, with consequences both for clinician–patient interactions and for the structures and processes in the practices, as uniform data collection instruments are put in place that privilege ‘hard’ biomedical data that can be easily coded above ‘softer’, more patient-centred information. Roles and responsibilities had been changed to reflect the needs of the new systems, and new software applications allowed increased surveillance of both doctors’ and nurses’ performance; both of these had an impact on patterns of authority in our study practices. Furthermore, the structural changes that were found acted to embed the new ways of working, ensuring their reproduction in the future. In spite of these effects, we found little opposition to or critical reflection on the changes, and the doctors in our study continued to view their improved computer systems as neutral recording devices. The implication of these findings is discussed.     

社会契约论：霍布斯与卢梭的比较分析

社会契约论在西方政治理论中的地位以及宪政制度设计中的作用都是不可忽视的,但其中霍布斯与卢梭的观点易被人误解,所以有研究的必要。霍布斯与卢梭的不同之处主要在于自然状态的假设、个人权利交付的对象、契约的特征、契约的效力、人民享有的自由五个方面。产生差异的原因,主要在于伦理基础和时代背景不同。     

师范院校学生心理素质教育综合模式的探索

本研究针对师范院校大学生心理素质的实际状况,结合心理素质的内涵,对师范院校学生心理素质教育模式进行系统的理论研究和深入的实践探索,创造出一套全新的心理素质教育的操作模式:一是加强心理学公共课建设,强化技能学习;二是建立心理咨询机构;三是建立学生心理档案,定期测量;四是开展心理素质教育专题讲座;五是发挥学生主体作用;六是积极参与社会实践,提高社会适应力;七是开展学生的自我教育。