Psychologically and biochemically assessed stress in a follow-up study of long-term unemployed

It has been suggested that psychological stress is one of the reasons for the high morbidity among unemployed people in Western countries. The same may apply to the well-documented high mortality. It would be expected that increased levels of biological stress would be found in these people. In the present study a sample of 310 long-term unemployed people from Norway was followed for 2 years. Psychologcal stress was assessed by medical examination and by the psychometric tests GHQ-28 and HSCL-30, the latter compared with a reference population of employed people. Serum levels of cortisol, prolactin and testosterone, together with immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM, were compared with working controls. The unemployed had a high level of psychological distress at the first examination, the sanie for men and women. At the 2-year follow up distress was reduced by re-employment. This fits the 'causation hypothesis' which explains the high distress level as caused by unemployment. The other direction of causation, 'the selection hypothesis', assuming that distressed persons have an increased chance of continuous unemployment, was also confirmed in the present study. As for biological stress, significant differences were not found between the unemployment, the re-employed and the working controls.     

Test of the demands, supports-constraints framework in predicting psychological distress amongst Australian public sector employees

This paper describes the demands, supports-constraints framework originally articulated by Payne (1979) for predicting psychological distress, and reports the results of an empirical study involving 2452 white-collar, public sector employees in Australia. The study uses hierarchical regression to test for the interaction effects of the demands and constraints variables, having applied suitable controls for instance by including trait anxiety and removing curvilinear effects. The results reveal little evidence of an interactive effect but moderately strong main effects and modest support for the value of controlling for curvilinear effects. Trait anxiety is shown to have a strong effect on psychological distress and considerably reduces the size of the relationship between demands, supports-constraints and psychological distress when statistically controlled for. However, it still accounts for 18.7% of the variance when entered last in the regression and it is recommended that its effects be explored in all studies of stress that rely on self-report data.     

大学生心理疾病的分析及其解决对策

大学阶段是人生发展的黄金时期,在这个特定的年龄段和特殊的环境里,大学生会遇到来自学习、生活、情感等方面的问题,容易引发心理疾病。开展大学生心理疾病的分析研究,探讨疏导和解决的方法是一项具有重要现实意义的工作。     

阅读的心理分析

阅读是人们必不可少的一项活动，是了解信息、掌握知识的重要手段之一。本通过对阅读心理研究历史的回顾和评价，运用心理学、语言学的理论对阅读的心理活动过程做以分析阐述，提出了阅读心理“五过程”，即阅读意图的确立、识码、解码、编码、后联想过程。旨在探讨阅读过程的全面、综合的性质和特点，从而使阅读更具实效性。     

自我和谐是构建心理和谐的基础

心理和谐是人民幸福生活的重要指标之一。主观幸福感是社会和谐的心理指标,心理和谐是健康心理的本质特征,表现为身心和谐、知情意的和谐、人格的和谐等。自我具有调节心理和谐的功能,自我和谐是人格和谐的核心特征,认识自我、悦纳自我、延伸自我、创造自我则是自我和谐的四个构成要素。建立恰当的参照系、确立适当的期望值、提高社会适应能力、建立社会支持网络、塑造积极的人生观是促进心理和谐的有效途径与方法。     

从新《合同法》谈我国国际保理法律架构

自２０世纪８０年代末以来,随着信息、通讯技术的迅速发展和国际范围买方市场的全面形成,作为一种新颖的融资手段,国际保理在国际贸易中发挥越来越重要的作用。我国作为外贸出口大国,应尽快制定并完善我国的保理法律体系。     

青少年成长团体工作模式探析

本文分析"青少年成长团体"在增强青少年心理适应能力方面的功能与价值,探讨学校团体社会工作对于解决青少年问题的操作模式,并对"青少年成长团体"心理调适模式进行评估。     

高校德育模式心理构象

经济的发展一定程度上标志着生产力的提高,同时也促使物质财富积累增加,但是,物质生活的丰富和宽裕并不代表着精神世界的乐观。随着我国改革开放步伐的加快和市场经济的深入发展,我们在物质需求获得充实的同时,也感受到利益多元化和个体本位观迅速崛起的冲击,道德约束力的降低和责任心的普遍缺失一度成为值得人们思考的论题,特别是高等学校的德育教育问题更引人关注。从心理视角构筑德育的方式、方法是一条行之有效的解决问题的途径。     

契约理念:高校师资管理的新视野

将契约理念引入高校师资管理具有积极意义。高校师资管理除了要把握一般的管理原理、原则、方法外,特别需要突出对教师“人性”的充分尊重,满足他们“受到尊重的需要”和“自我实现的需要”,给予教师更多的“自由”,更多地体现代表学校的管理者与被管理者之间的“合意”。     

心理资本视域下的高职大学生就业心理辅导

高职院校的大学生与普通高校的大学生相比,在面对就业压力时,心理冲突更加明显,更容易出现自卑与焦虑心理、理想化和虚荣心理、退化与回避心理。以强调人的积极心理力量为核心的心理资本理论为教育者提供了新锐视角。作为一种有较高的投资回报率的积极心理能力,该理论认为,可以通过提升其心理资本的途径来帮助大学生增加积极的心理能量,可以较好地缓解他们的心理压力,提高其就业竞争力,从而在就业竞争中获得优势。