量刑不均的立法解决

量刑不均作为现阶段危害法治的重要因素,日益引起人们的关注。但引起量刑不均的原因是多方面的,也很复杂。从立法、法律的角度分析量刑不均的表现及成因,并借鉴国外先进的立法经验,提出重构量刑原则、建立"罪刑阶梯"、完善量刑程序的立法对策。     

英语谜语及其在教学中的运用

英语谜语发展历史悠久,内容丰富,形式多样。它不仅给人以文字上的美感,以精神上的欢悦,还充满机智诙谐,体现认知思维的魅力。教师将谜语引入英语教学,发挥谜语的教学效用,把握主体性原则、关联性原则、针对性原则、多样性原则和灵活性原则,学习者就能在轻松愉快的氛围中自然地进入语言习得过程,并收获更多的语言基础知识和文化背景知识,还能使认知思维得到挖掘和提升。     

中国梦与美国梦的相通性

中国梦和美国梦是相通的。其相通之处在于都是追求"和",就是追求天人和谐、人际和谐、肉体生命和精神生命的和谐。实现中国梦有很长的路要走,中国人正在为此而努力。     

基于央行效用动态最优化模型的货币政策传导有效性研究

从央行效用最大化的角度出发,运用极大值原理,构建央行效用的动态最优化模型,探讨货币政策传导中的经济主体行为对其传导有效性的影响。结果发现：第一,货币政策传导的时间长短,直接取决于商业银行对货币政策信号的敏感度大小。第二,当实行扩张的货币政策时,商业银行对货币政策的反应比企业和居民更重要;相反当实行紧缩的货币政策时,企业和居民对货币政策的反应比商业银行更重要。优化商业银行、企业、居民三大经济主体行为,能够有效提高其对货币政策信号的敏感程度,进而提高货币政策传导有效性。     

论中国特色协商民主制度的设计原则

在分析协商民主诸要素的基础上,提出中国特色协商民主的制度设计应当遵循五项基本原则：协商主体的平等性与多元性原则,协商客体的理性与包容性原则,协商方式的多样性与程序性原则,协商过程的公开性与协商性原则和协商结果的合法性与责任性原则,以期为解决当代中国协商民主中存在的问题和完善中国特色协商民主的制度设计提供有益启示。     

“总体布局”视域下毛泽东的社会主义建设思想研究

新中国的社会主义建设是在探索中不断发展的,在规划“四个现代化”的过程中,毛泽东形成了从宏观的、多位一体的角度建设中国社会主义的战略思想。毛泽东在理论和实践的互相激荡中提出了中国社会主义建设的总体战略目标——“四个现代化”,并用调动一切积极因素的方针、信任和依靠人民群众的方针、正确处理人民内部矛盾的方针和自力更生为主、争取外援为辅等方针指导中国社会主义道路建设,此外还归纳了中国社会主义建设中具有阶段性、特殊性、复杂性、艰巨性、长期性和过渡性的特征。     

Reimagining the General Health Questionnaire as a measure of emotional wellbeing: A study of postpartum women in Malta

BackgroundPostpartum health has been subject to a focus on psychological morbidity, despite positive associations between postpartum recovery and maternal emotional wellbeing. There are currently many validated tools to measure wellbeing and related concepts, including non-psychiatric morbidity. The General Health Questionnaire, 12 items (GHQ-12) is one such instrument, widely used and validated in several languages. Its use in postpartum settings has been documented with disagreement about the instrument's utility in this population, particularly in relation to scoring method and threshold. The GHQ-12 has never been translated into Maltese. This study explored the psychometric properties of the GHQ-12 in a Maltese postpartum population to consider if the use of a different scoring method (visual analogue scale) in the GHQ-12 can determine postpartum wellbeing.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-four postpartum women recruited from one hospital in Malta completed the translated and adapted GHQ-12 as a wellbeing measure (GHQ-12(WB)) at four postpartum time points. The psychometric properties of the GHQ-12(WB) were explored using confirmatory factor analysis, discriminant and divergent validity and reliability analysis.ResultsThe GHQ-12(WB) demonstrated good divergent and known-groups validity and internal consistency. No models offered a good fit to the data. The overall consistent best-fit to the data was an eight item, two factor model (GHQ-8). Model fit improved across all models in terms of CFI at 13 weeks.ConclusionFindings generally support the reliability and validity of the Maltese version of the GHQ-12(WB). Model fit changes over time reflect the dynamic nature of postpartum recovery. Further evaluation of the GHQ-8(WB) is recommended.     

Risk Assessment as a Paradox: When Actions of an IRB Become Incompatible with Ethical Principles

As anecdotal evidence mounts up of Institutional Review Boards becoming an impediment to research, I share a personal experience in this article to argue how the conduct of an Institutional Review Board was incompatible with a number of ethical principles such as Respect for Persons, Deception, Informed Consent, and Justice. I conclude by promoting Evidence-Based Ethical Problem Solving to facilitate and enhance risk assessments through empirical evidence.     

Ethical Virtues in Scientific Research

Most approaches to promoting integrity in research are principle-based in that they portray ethical conduct as consisting of adherence to ethical rules, duties, or responsibilities. Bruce MacFarlane has recently criticized the principle-based approach to promoting integrity in research and offered a virtue-based alternative. MacFarlane argues that principle-based approaches do not provide adequate guidance for ethical decision-making and are not very useful in moral education. In this article, I examine and critique MacFarlane's defense of the virtue-based approach. I argue that virtue-based and principle-based approaches to ethics are complementary and that they both can help promote research integrity.     

学术研究岂可背离学理——对黄浩博士《文学的面孔:正在变得模糊起来》的学术批评

黄浩博士所谓的"后文学时代"与其所谓的"文学经典时代"一样是虚假的,它严重歪曲了文学生活的本相。从历史发展的角度看,也许存在着一个"后文学时代",但它不是也不可能像黄浩博士所"描绘"和"规定"的那样。那它是何样子的呢?要回答这样一个吃力且不易于讨好的问题,除黄浩博士所特别看重的"理论勇气"和"历史责任感"之外,还应该尊重客观事实,依循学理要求,并且有足够的耐心。