The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: The main,mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11–32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Psychosocial work environment and mental health among travelling salespeople

Travelling salespeople have a rather unusual working environment, with long periods of absence from their firm and a low level of social contacts with colleagues. Furthermore, they are exposed to high demands in their work, which may conflict with a normal family life. In this paper a cross-sectional study of psychosocial work environment and mental health of Danish travelling salespeople is described. A sample of 1,306 travelling salespeople filled in a questionnaire (response rate 68%). The results indicate that poor mental health is associated with a number of demand indicators: number of working hours per week, number of customers per week, non-day work, and a high level of perceived job demands. On the other hand, the number of hours spent with customers per week is positively associated with mental health. The authors did not find the expected associations between poor mental health and several factors such as number of hours away from firm, nights away from home, and a low degree of perceived support from colleagues and superiors. It is concluded that the main stressors of travelling salespeople are long working hours, many customers, non-day work and high perceived psychological demands in general.     

How the psychosocial work environment of motor vehicle mechanics may influence coping with musculoskeletal symptoms

A number of studies have shown that musculoskeletal symptoms are related to the physical and psychosocial work environments. Workers with musculoskeletal symptoms are often advised to cope by such measures as changing working technique, using lifting equipment and discussing health and environmental problems with supervisors and colleagues. Intervention studies at the individual level, however, have shown that such advice has limited effects in reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. The hypothesis for this study was that negative social and organizational factors may prevent workers from implementing such coping strategies. All 103 motor vehicle mechanics surveyed in 12 different garages responded to a questionnaire on coping with musculoskeletal symptoms and the psychosocial work environment. Positive and significant relationships were shown between how mechanics coped with their musculoskeletal symptoms and such psychosocial factors as work demands, social support, control, manager's involvement in health and safety work, and whether the garages had regular meetings between management and workers. Achieving positive results from preventive work through back schools and other ergonomic interventions seems to require that an organization with positive attitudes towards health and safety work be created before such interventions are implemented.     

英译汉语篇翻译中评分量表的研发

通过设计问卷来调查英译汉语篇翻译的标准,并以问卷调查的结果为依据给英译汉语篇翻译研发了一个分析性的评分量表。实验性地测试了研发的量表:通过计算两个评分员给出分数的α相关系数来判断量表的信度;用回归分析来判断量表分数解释的效度。统计分析的数据表明此量表具有较高的信度和效度。     

社会公众对海洋科学认识状况调查

政府是支持科学技术发展的强大动力，对科学研究的财政支出逐年增加。而公众对科学技术研究的经费使用问题，常有质疑的声音。我们通过问卷调查发现，社会公众对科学技术发展热情很高，认为海洋科技是应重点投入的领域。社会公众愿意为科学技术，尤其是海洋科技发展愿意提供的资金远高于实际相关科技领域所获得的经费，这表明，从公众角度来看，科学技术，尤其是海洋科技领域，还有较大的加大投资的空间。     

城乡、性别对当代未成年人价值观影响的相关性研究

调查表明,未成年人价值观总的来看基本一致,都把"世界和平"、"幸福"、"诚实"、"胸怀宽广"排在前几位,是评价最高的价值观.但也存在差异,农村未成年人渴望生存环境的和谐,城市未成年人关注自我主观需求;男性重视"勇敢",女性则崇尚"宽恕".随着城乡差距的缩小和性别平等观念的深入,"自由"、"平等"、"自尊"等个人品质价值观逐渐增强.     

高等职业院校新生心理健康状况的调查与分析——以大连职业技术学院为例

文章利用大学生人格健康问卷(UPI)对大连职业技术学院3 484名新生进行心理测试,从总体和个体两个层面描述和分析大学新生的心理健康状况。结果表明:大连职业技术学院的高职新生的心理健康状况与国内其他大学的UPI检出率差异不大,但也有36.6%的学生可能存在一定心理问题,新生在"强迫类有效指标"、"人际交往类指标"、"神经衰弱"、"情绪类指标"和"躯体症状类指标"表现上都有自己的特点。这提示我们应加强并持续地进行心理健康教育与咨询活动。     

经济激励下农户使用无公害农药和绿色农药意愿的影响因素分析——基于对福建省农户的问卷调查

以福建省农户为调查对象,利用SPSS软件和Logistic回归模型,分析经济激励下农户使用无公害农药和绿色农药意愿的影响因素。结果表明,农产品的商品化程度、农户参加技术培训情况、农药经销商服务等因素的影响效果显著,基于此提出经济激励下提高农户使用无公害农药和绿色农药的对策和建议。     

高等学校创业文化建设现状的调查分析

本文通过问卷、个别访谈等形式对我国高校创业文化建设现状进行了调查分析，分析了存在的问题和原因。并以此为基础为创业文化建设和传承提出了相应解决的对策，积极推进高校进行创业文化建设和传承进度，培养创业人才，促进经济发展。     

The Proxy Effect: Gender and Gambling Problem Trajectories of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program Participants

Recent research has found that men and women who end up in gambling treatment tend to follow different trajectories to that endpoint: women generally begin gambling later in life, but progress to problems and seek treatment more quickly. With women’s prevalence rates of gambling and disordered gambling increasing, it has become important to identify the causes and consequences of these trajectory differences. The current study used a sample of 2,256 gamblers enrolled in the Iowa Gambling Treatment Program to examine the relationship of gender and other demographic, economic and health-related (i.e., psychosocial) factors to empirically-identified gambling problem trajectories. The results indicated that gender made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of trajectory, but increased predictive accuracy by only 1–2% beyond a model with psychosocial predictors. Gender’s contribution was limited to its relationship to age of initiation; men and women’s problem progression did not differ meaningfully once age of gambling initiation was taken into account. Gender is a unique contributor to the development of gambling problems among treatment seekers, but it is only one small part of the myriad psychosocial characteristics that influence gambling problem development.