Biodiversity,coastal protection and resource endowment: Policy options for improving ocean health

The paper develops a production function for the Global Ocean Health Index (OHI) for 2013. Data from the Ocean Health Statistics, plus from the Human Development Index (HDI) for 151 countries are used. We employ two-stage regression model to conduct this evaluation. The Tobit model, used to obtain the estimated dependent variable, results show Coastal Protection, Livelihoods and Economies, Tourism and Recreation, Iconic Species, Clean Water and Biodiversity, Food Provision, Artisanal Fisheries Opportunities, Natural Products, and Carbon Storage are significant variables. The rank regression in the second stage showed that HDI and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) significantly influenced the predicted value of the OHI. Policy makers should note that biodiversity increases have the greatest effect on OHI, and its improvement is within reach of even the poorest country. Countries with varying levels of resource endowment may choose different techniques to improve OHI, but the implementation of MPAs should be priority.     

An Empirical Analysis of Carbon Emission in the Household Comsumption Peak Period in China〖JP〗

本文将家庭消费高峰期因素纳入,试探讨家庭消费结构变化对于中国碳排放量的影响。根据家庭生命周期理论在消费领域的相关研究,本文以家庭成员在40〖CD*2〗54岁年龄段可能存在更多消费为假设,在修正了STIRPAT环境压力模型的基础上,用“家庭户碳排放模型”分析了家庭消费阶段差异对碳排放变化的影响;同时,采用情景分析方法,对未来家庭消费高峰期变化对碳排放的可能影响做了预测分析。     

Agricultural policy modelling under imperfect competition

This study evaluates the role of imperfect competition in determining the agri-food policies impact assessment outcomes. In most impact studies, the supply chain between agricultural production and final consumption is modelled in a perfectly competitive framework. However, there is a growing attention of stakeholders for the presence of imperfectly competitive markets, with the retail sector often being under investigation. This issue is empirically analysed with an application to the dairy industry. First, the degree of market power is estimated using a multi-output demand and price transmission equation system. Then, this model is used for policy simulation with the perfect competition outcome taken as a benchmark to evaluate the impact of imperfect competition. Results show a significant degree of market power in the dairy industry with implications on the projected policy scenarios. Moreover, the imperfect competition model alters the price transmission mechanisms, generating more flexible price trends.     

基于CPFR的多产品分销系统库存优化模型

本文中的分销系统由生产多种产品的多个制造商,一个地区分销中心DC,多个零售商所组成,系统采用基于CPFR来确定订货临界点,并且在假设DC和零售商都实行连续性盘点的(R,Q)库存控制策略,提前期为随机变量,零售商需求为泊松分布的前提下,以整个分销系统的库存成本最小化为目标函数,以DC和零售商的多产品服务水平为约束条件,通过确定最佳订货批量,建立了此多产品分销系统的库存优化模型,从而达到有效控制库存的目的.     

阿Q精神对“屌丝”青年的社会引力

"屌丝文化"反映出社会变革转型期的时代特征和精神气质,透视、表征了社会心理结构的变迁。"屌丝"称谓放大为自我审视的精神符码,其传播具有庶民叙事的特征,网络亚文化由下而上的"话语革命"方式表达了"话语权"的获取与崛起。"屌丝文化"是自嘲中的解构与身份认同中的建构,它意味着青年草根阶层或弱势群体更多地获得了诠释自己生活的角度与权利。屌丝文化所反映的集体焦虑,折射了社会内在的深层次问题,其代表的自嘲韵味是解构文化中的快感和胜利,这和阿Q精神有着内在传承性,网上的"愤青"往往是现实生活中的"屌丝"。"虐骂"和"求虐"心理是屌丝文化集体喷射的快感。     

The influence of retail outlet and FSMA information on consumer perceptions of and willingness to pay for organic grape tomatoes

The primary objective of this research was to determine the effect of retail outlet (supercenter, supermarket, farmers market, fresh format) on consumer perceptions of and willingness to pay (WTP) for organic grape tomatoes. Also examined was whether information on the proposed Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) regulations, with and without information on tomato safety, altered these aspects across retail outlets. Field experiments were conducted with 207 participants in two U.S. states in fall 2014 to address these questions. Consumers’ perceptions and WTP varied significantly by retail outlet, with farmers markets and fresh format stores receiving the most favorable evaluations and supercenters the least. With FSMA information, safety perceptions fell significantly for the favored outlets and mostly increased for supercenters. Participants’ felt no producers should be exempt from the FSMA and viewed farmers markets vendors as most likely to be exempt. Unexpectedly though, these changes seldom translated into changes in WTP. Further, in treatments with added tomato safety information, supercenters saw no safety rating benefit. Overall, it was clear the organic label was not viewed equally across different retail outlets.     

Socio-demographics,implicit attitudes,explicit attitudes,and sustainable consumption in supermarket shopping

The aim of this research is to examine whether socio-demographics, implicit and explicit attitudes towards the environment predict sustainable consumer behaviour, measured using supermarket loyalty card data. The article uses an Implicit Association Test (IAT) and Likert scales to gauge implicit and explicit attitudes towards sustainable consumption in a real consumer sample, and measures demographic characteristics of participants. Results indicate that level of education is a key predictor of an aggregate measure of sustainable consumption, with a small part of this influence mediated by level of explicit environmental concern for climate change. Econometric modelling shows that explicit and implicit attitudes influence consumer decisions differently in specific food categories. Results, obtained with real consumer data, call into question the accepted socio-demographic profile of the green consumer and help identify conditions under which pro-environmental attitudes predict sustainable consumption.     

具有多元马氏需求的多产品多阶段库存优化模型

本文研究一类新的多产品库存控制策略,即具有多元马氏需求特征的多产品多阶段的订货点订货量(Q, R, SS)策略,该策略考虑市场需求在不同产品之间具有多元马氏转移特征,并考虑缺货因素设置安全库存。论文首先建立了多产品多阶段的多元马氏需求预测模型,并通过该模型确定了各种产品需求之间的关系。同时,在该模型的理论基础上,提出了多产品多阶段的总期望成本模型及其最优(Q, R, SS)策略,进而结合算例给出模型的最优策略的数值解。     

Population size and environmental quality

This paper presents a simple general equilibrium analysis of first best allocations in an economy where a consumption good is produced using labor. Production results in pollution, which is a public bad. Pollution abatement can be achieved either by restricting production or by using additional labor. We consider how the first best allocation and Pigouvian tax vary with population size. Consumers are unambiguously worse off when the population is larger, but not necessarily due to increased pollution. In fact, optimal policy on how pollution and labor should vary with population size is very sensitive to preferences and technology. The best response to an increase in population size might be either to increase or to decrease emissions and/or labor, depending on functional forms and parameters. However, given separable preferences and some convexity, the optimal emissions tax increases, and the first best level of per-capita consumption decreases with population size. The paper also considers the extent to which exogenous technical progress can overturn these conclusions. Received August 28, 1996 / Accepted January 27, 1997     

论《1Q84》中女主人公青豆女性形象的特质

《1Q84》是村上春树的代表作之一，作品塑造了青豆与天吾这两位独具特色的男女主人公形象。青豆是一位拥有独特个人魅力的女性，是小说故事情节得以展开的关键所在。青豆有着面容姣好但无明显特征的外貌、特殊性质的工作，她童年成长环境使其与父母断绝关系，加之无法磨灭的宗教信仰、性与爱相离相辅的恋爱观和难以界定的社会性，所以出青豆这一女性形象有着与众不同的特质。