社会调查中的定性研究方法浅析

定性研究作为社会调查的方法之一,近30年来在国外社会科学研究领域得到了广泛的运用。本文介绍了定性研究方法的产生及概念界定,从定性研究与定量研究的对比中阐释了定性研究的不同特点,分析了定性研究的过程及收集材料的方法,最后展示了定性研究方法发展的最新进展。     

Exploring Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology: A perfect fit for midwifery research

BackgroundHeideggerian hermeneutic phenomenology has been used widely to understand the meaning of lived experiences in health research. For midwifery scholars this approach enables deep understanding of women's and midwives’ lived experiences of specific phenomena. However, for beginning researchers this is not a methodology for the faint hearted. It requires a period of deep immersion to come to terms with at times impenetrable language and perplexing concepts.ObjectivesThis paper aims to assist midwives to untangle and examine some of the choices they face when they first come to terms with an understanding of this methodology and highlights the methodology's capacity to reveal midwifery authenticity and holistic practice.DiscussionThe illumination of a selection of various concepts underpinning hermeneutic phenomenology will inform midwives considering this methodology as suitable framework for exploring contemporary midwifery phenomena.     

有关品牌文化内涵及影响因素的探索性研究

随着商品经济的发展和市场竞争的日益激烈,品牌文化的建设已经成为一个品牌成功的关键.本研究基于扎根理论对品牌文化的概念模型进行了探索性研究.通过文献分析和质的研究(32个深度访谈、四组焦点团体访谈)相结合的方法,本研究认为品牌文化包括企业文化、产品与服务、品牌个性和理念以及品牌归属四个维度.品牌文化以企业文化为基础,以产品和服务为载体,通过理念、个性、声誉等品牌精神的塑造,最终使得用户对品牌产生归属感.在这一过程中,品牌文化的形成受到企业营销手段、社会潮流和消费者的共同影响.本研究为品牌文化的定量研究打下了坚实的基础,对品牌研究和营销实践都具有重要意义.     

消费者低碳消费行为的心理归因和政策干预路径:一个基于扎根理论的探索性研究

引导消费者的生活方式和消费模式转向低能耗、低污染、低排放的方向是当前一个重大课题。然而,消费者为什么会实行低碳消费行为模式(即低碳消费行为归自何种心理)?如何促进和引导消费者的低碳消费行为(即低碳消费行为如何才能持续)?对于这两个关键性问题目前还缺乏深度的研究。本文通过深度访谈,应用扎根理论这一探索性技术探究低碳消费行为的深层次心理归因(解决第一个问题)及相应的政策干预路径(解决第二个问题)。研究发现,个体心理意识、社会参照规范两个主范畴是低碳消费行为的内部和社会心理归因。但它们对于低碳消费行为的促成机理并不一致:个体提高心理意识产生相应的低碳消费行为,这归于认知性学习范畴;个体观察参照群体的消费模式及其结果产生特定的低碳消费行为,这归于观察性学习范畴。不同心理控制源的个体(内控型还是外控型)之间也存在一定的差异。低碳传播沟通和情境结构变革两个主范畴是低碳消费行为的政策干预变量,且它们是相互补充、相互配合的。通过传播沟通影响个体心理意识、社会参照规范,通过情境结构变革影响低碳消费行为的成本收益结构成为主要的政策干预路径。这些研究结论可以为政府制定有效的干预政策,为引导消费者的消费行为模式提供理论基础和政策借鉴...     

“It’s like a bus,going downhill,without a driver”: A qualitative study of how postpartum haemorrhage is experienced by women,their birth partners,and healthcare professionals

ProblemPostpartum haemorrhage [PPH] remains a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Whilst low-resource settings bear the greatest burden of deaths, women live with associated morbidities in all healthcare settings. Limited data exists regarding the experience for women, their partners, or healthcare professionals [HCPs], affected by PPH.AimTo qualitatively investigate the experience of PPH, for women (n = 9), birth partners (n = 4), and HCPs (n = 9) in an inner-city tertiary referral centre. To provide multi-faceted insight into PPH and improve understanding and future care practices.MethodsParticipants were interviewed about their experiences within two weeks of a PPH. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsFour distinct, but related, themes were identified: ‘Knowledge specific to PPH’; ‘Effective and appropriate responses to PPH’; ‘Communication of risk factors’; and ‘Quantifying blood loss’; which collected around a central organising concept of ‘Explaining the indescribable’.DiscussionPPH was viewed as a ‘crisis-style emergency’, generating respectful fear in HCPs, whilst women and partners had little-to-no prior knowledge. Specific PPH knowledge dictated HCPs’ response and risk communication. PPH risks were typically linked to quantification of blood loss, assessment of which varied with acknowledged questionable accuracy. Women’s and partners’ confidence in HCPs’ ability to deal with PPH was unquestionable. Non-verbal communication was highlighted, with HCP body language betraying professional confidence.ConclusionInformation about blood loss during childbirth must be imparted in a sensitive, timely manner. Whilst training for HCPs results in effective PPH management, consideration should be given to their non-verbal cues and the impact of dealing with this stressful, ‘everyday emergency’.     

The shadow dance of political climate: Engagement in political behavior in local government authorities

In describing the processes of organizations as political acts, we are not making a moral judgment; we simply are making an observation about a process. Bacharach and Lawler, 1980, p. 2.This study focuses on the ways a perceived political climate influences engagement in political behavior during a national election period. By using social cognitive theory as a way to predict behavior in organizations, we study how managers' engagement in political behavior is shaped. A qualitative research methodology was used. Sixteen interviews with managers were conducted in various local authorities during the 2015 election campaign for Israel's parliament. Participants perceived an intensification of political climate during the pre-election period, which they attributed to a significant connection between electoral and intraorganizational politics. Additionally, a perceived organizational political climate intensifies engagement in a range of political behaviors throughout an organization and is connected with an administrative role. The findings suggest that managers use “political capital” that the election period provides to influence and manipulate their organization's future and their own.     

色谱——质谱联用法在新药研究中的应用

气一质联用法(GC-MS)和液一质联用法(LC-MS)将色谱的高分离性能和质谱的高鉴别特点相结合,组成了较完美的现代分析技术,在新药研究的含量测定,有关物质检查、质量标准制定以及药物动力学研究的代谢物分析、药物及代谢物的体内浓度分布等试验中,成为有力的分析工具,文章综述了近年来色谱一质谱联用在以上领域的应用实例,展示了它的发展前景。     

连片特困区农村低保与扶贫开发衔接绩效影响因素分析——基于六盘山特困区两个县的数据

农村低保与扶贫开发衔接作为我国反贫困战略的重要组成部分,其减贫效果和政策优势逐步显现,但制约两项制度衔接绩效的影响因素仍未消除。 文章选取六盘山连片特困区具有典型贫困特征的定西市两个县作为研究样本,借助 NVivo11 分析软件,运用质性研究方法,对两项制度衔接绩效影响因素进行分析发现:贫困人口识别、政策评价监督、干部队伍建设、部门之间协作是核心影响因素,政策精准及政策执行系核心影响过程。 根据分析结果提出了优化两项制度衔接的相关对策,以期助推衔接过程更加合理运行。