标杆管理及其在公共运输系统的应用

标杆管理在许多行业的应用都取得了很好的效果，在交通领域，地铁大联盟是标杆管理的成功应用。论述标杆管理在公交领域的应用，并对重庆公交应用标杆管理提出建议。     

空穴传输层厚度对OLED性能的影响

该文采用聚乙烯基咔唑(PVK)作为空穴传输层,8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)作为发光层,制备了结构为ITO/PVK(0～60nm)/Alq3(60nm)/Mg:Ag/Al的有机发光二极管。通过测试器件的电流-电压-发光亮度特性,研究了空穴传输层厚度对有机发光二极管器件性能的影响,优化了器件功能层的厚度匹配。实验结果表明,有机发光二极管的光电性能与空穴传输层的厚度密切相关,当空穴传输层厚度为15nm时,有机发光二极管器件具有最低的起亮电压、最高的发光亮度和最大的发光效率。     

试论我国铁路客运运价规制改革的模式选择

从20世纪80年代起,我国铁路客运经历了一系列运价改革,长期以来严格的运价规制开始松动。但规制手段陈旧,规制机制不清依然是不可否认的事实。本文通过对我国铁路客运现行规制模式的判断,找出其中存在的主要问题,并以现行规制为基础,提出两套运价规制改革的方案,同时论证了两种方案的可行性、局限性及利弊。     

中德城市中心步行区比较研究——以大连市和斯图加特市为例

自20世纪30年代,德国埃森市出现第一条步行街至今,伴随绿色交通发展,德国城市中心已经形成了世界上规模最大、功能健全且充满生机的步行区。相比之下,中国城市中心的步行街区发展仍处于初级阶段。文章通过大连和斯图加特两个城市的步行区发展历程、步行区形态、可达性、功能等方面的现状对比,在总结德国城市中心步行区成功经验的基础上,揭示大连城市中心步行街区发展所面临的问题,提出大连市城市中心步行区的发展策略。     

Health Effects Caused by Primary Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Emitted from Buses in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland

Fine particle (PM(2.5)) emissions from traffic have been associated with premature mortality. The current work compares PM(2.5)-induced mortality in alternative public bus transportation strategies as being considered by the Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council, Finland. The current bus fleet and transportation volume is compared to four alternative hypothetical bus fleet strategies for the year 2020: (1) the current bus fleet for 2020 traffic volume, (2) modern diesel buses without particle traps, (3) diesel buses with particle traps, and (4) buses using natural gas engines. The average population PM(2.5) exposure level attributable to the bus emissions was determined for the 1996-1997 situation using PM(2.5) exposure measurements including elemental composition from the EXPOLIS-Helsinki study and similar element-based source apportionment of ambient PM(2.5) concentrations observed in the ULTRA study. Average population exposure to particles originating from the bus traffic in the year 2020 is assumed to be proportional to the bus emissions in each strategy. Associated mortality was calculated using dose-response relationships from two large cohort studies on PM(2.5) mortality from the United States. Estimated number of deaths per year (90% confidence intervals in parenthesis) associated with primary PM(2.5) emissions from buses in Helsinki Metropolitan Area in 2020 were 18 (0-55), 9 (0-27), 4 (0-14), and 3 (0-8) for the strategies 1-4, respectively. The relative differences in the associated mortalities for the alternative strategies are substantial, but the number of deaths in the lowest alternative, the gas buses, is only marginally lower than what would be achieved by diesel engines equipped with particle trap technology. The dose-response relationship and the emission factors were identified as the main sources of uncertainty in the model.     

Reflections on the application of the Delphi method: lessons from a case in public transport research

The paper outlines the author’s experience employing the Delphi method, using as an example a particular application of the Delphi in the field of public transport research. Attention is given to aspects such as the choice of method, selection of experts, design of questionnaires, interaction between survey coordinator and participants, and also the analysis of experts’ responses. Some of the challenges encountered during the survey, the way they were dealt with, and risk mitigation strategies used by the Delphi coordinator are highlighted too. The primary objective of this paper is to offer insights that can support other researchers or practitioners preparing to apply the Delphi methodology. Furthermore, the article contributes to the methodological debate by reflecting on the introduction of novel practices that can help overcome some typical pitfalls of the Delphi: a dedicated blog supporting the survey, safety-net questions, and a constant-sum type question.     

城乡客运一体化建设的问题与对策

由于经济的发展,道路旅客运输在人们社会生活中越来越重要.为满足广大人们群众的出行需要,我国正在加大交通设施的建设,构建四通八达的交通网络,推进道路旅客运输的城乡一体化建设.邯郸作为河北省和中原地区较大城市,道路设施和客运网络日益完善,城乡客运一体化逐步推进.文章就邯郸城乡客运一体化建设的现状进行分析,并对城乡客运一体化建设发展进行了研究.     

上海公共交通优先发展模式研究

经过20多年的建设和发展,上海已初步形成了以轨道交通为主导的公共交通优先发展态势,对促进城市空间拓展、形成集约化交通方式结构以及缓解道路拥堵起到了积极作用。本文回顾上海公共交通发展历程,结合近期公交发展规划,并借鉴世界上公共交通发达城市的经验,提出了符合上海实际、达到亚洲先进水平的公共交通优先发展模式和策略。     

我国低碳交通分析及推进措施

交通业作为我国能源消耗的主要部门以及温室气体的重要来源,走低碳化发展之路既是缓解我国能源环境压力的必然选择,也是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的迫切要求。低碳交通建设是一个系统工程,本文从全局上统筹,在充分研究我国交通运输行业碳排放基本现状的基础上,系统分析了我国低碳交通建设面临的问题和挑战,并从结构性减碳、技术性减碳和管理性减碳三个方面论述了低碳交通的推进措施,探究低碳交通建设的体系框架。     

新时期广州城市交通改善策略纲领刍议

国家中心城市的定位和缓解城市交通拥堵的迫切需要要求广州在新的历史时期,提出针对性强的交通改善策略纲领,建立起与国家中心城市地位相适应的城市交通环境。通过运行现状的调研,深入分析城市交通运行内在规律,本文系统地制定了交通与土地利用协调发展、交通方式统筹发展、交通管理智能发展等三个方面的改善策略。