抗战时期西北地区的公路运输管理

在前人相关研究的基础上,结合大量文献资料分析了抗战时期西北地区公路运输管理体制及其运营机制。分析表明：抗日战争时期,随着西北地区战略地位的空前提高,西北公路交通获得了一个难得的发展机遇,公路建设里程增长迅速,公路运输车辆大幅度增加,汽车运输站点分布扩大等。为了有效提高西北公路交通的运输能力和运输效益,国民政府分别从宏观、微观两个层面加强西北公路运输管理体制建设。西北公路运输管理体制的加强和完善,一方面推动了西北近代公路交通的科学化、制度化和技术化运营管理;另一方面提高了以兰州为中心的西北公路交通网的运输能力,为夺取抗战胜利和区域经济社会发展发挥了重要历史作用。     

基于Hotelling模型的房地产开发空间竞争博弈分析

房地产市场一个最典型的特征是,房地产开发商之间的竞争是空间的竞争。而传统经济学是将所有的经济活动集中到一点进行分析,没有考虑到供求的空间分布对经济活动的影响。由于房地产开发商之间进行的是典型的空间竞争,所以本文运用经典的空间竞争模型——Hotelling模型对房地产开发商的竞争进行了博弈分析。并得出结论认为,交通成本是影响房地产开发商之间竞争和定价的一个重要因素,而市场的进入成本与开发的固定成本也对开发商的竞争和定价都有着明显的影响;如果交通成本对于消费者的影响足够低,那么房价会接近于开发的成本价格,有助于房价的平稳控制。     

京津冀货运碳排放效率分析--基于超效率SBM模型及ML指数

基于已有的交通碳排放相关研究,使用超效率SBM模型及ML指数动态效率分解对货运碳排放效率进行针对性研究,试图阐明目前京津冀区域的货运碳排放效率现状,并追踪其效率水平差异存在的原因。结果显示:北京、天津货运碳排放效率较高,河北货运碳排放效率较低且与北京、天津差距较大,均呈现下降趋势;北京、天津货运碳排放效率降低主要来自于技术进步指数降低,而河北则受技术效率指数降低的影响较大。因此,京津冀需要不断优化货运结构,推进货运系统低碳技术应用及推动发展多式联运,以实现货运的节能减排目标。     

军用运输机在现代战争中的作用及发展趋势

介绍了军用运输机的类型以及对应的特点和代表机型。从运载能力和兵力机动两个方面描述,论述了军用运输机在现代战争中的作用。指出了军用运输机在适用范围扩大、战略与战术运输机结合、军用和民用运输机结合三个方面的发展趋势。     

Accidents and Unpleasant Incidents: Worry in Transport and Prediction of Travel Behavior

Worry on nine different means of transport was measured in a Norwegian sample of 853 respondents. The main aim of the study was to investigate differences in worry about accidents and worry about unpleasant incidents, and how these two sorts of worry relate to various means of transport as well as transport behavior. Factor analyses of worry about accidents suggested a division between rail transport, road transport, and nonmotorized transport, whereas analyses of worry about unpleasant incidents suggested a division between transport modes where you interact with other people and "private" transport modes. Moreover, mean ratings of worry showed that respondents worried more about accidents than unpleasant incidents on private transport modes, and more about unpleasant incidents than accidents on public transport modes. Support for the distinction between worry about accidents and unpleasant incidents was also found when investigating relationships between both types of worry and behavioral adaptations: worry about accidents was more important than worry about unpleasant incidents in relation to behavioral adaptations on private means of transport, whereas the opposite was true for public means of transport. Finally, predictors of worry were investigated. The models of worry about accidents and worry about unpleasant incidents differed as to what predictors turned out significant. Knowledge about peoples' worries on different means of transport is important with regard to understanding and influencing transport and travel behavior, as well as attending to commuters' welfare.     

应急联运系统建设与应急保障体系

发生任何类型的大型突发事件,都可能造成交通的突然中断甚至瘫痪,对灾区造成重大经济与社会影响,甚至造成进一步的次生灾害。迅速建立公路、水路、航空、铁路应急联运系统,保障物流畅通,对灾难救援与减少财产损失意义十分重大。应急联运系统建设建立在常态物流的基础上,在发生非常态突发事件时,紧急启动应急联运系统预案,依靠强有力的联运互补系统,加速完善应急保障体系与情景应对措施,充分保障人、财、物的到位与信息快速流动,这是目前应对各类突发事件的关键性课题。     

Fabricating Futures and the Movement of Objects

Abstract

This paper assesses possible futures concerning so-called 3D printing in relation to socio-technical systems and consumption and production. Drawing on an Economic and Social Research Council funded project, the paper details the results of research exploring possible futures of the manufacturing industry and impacts upon the transport of objects. Such ‘printing’, or ‘personal fabrication’, could permit many objects to be produced near to or even by consumers themselves on just-in-time ‘printing’ machines. Widely known about in engineering and design, the impacts of these technologies on social practices and transport have yet to be much examined by social science. These technologies may become as ubiquitous as networked computers, with consequences just as significant. The paper reports on this recent research that seeks to understand some economic, social and environmental implications of what may be a major new socio-technical system currently in the making and which might have major consequences for the trajectory of the twenty-first century.     

Making Connections: Crossing Boundaries of Place and Identity in Liverpool and Merseyside Amateur Transport Films

Abstract

In this paper I draw on a selection of local transport films, dating from the 1930s to 1970s, to explore issues of mobility, place and identity in Liverpool and Merseyside. The archive footage discussed in the paper includes amateur film of the Birkenhead and Wallasey tunnel openings, commuter ferry services to Liverpool, and also of the river crossings at Runcorn. Mapping the changing social and cultural geographies of mobility in Merseyside, it is argued that these films engage in a spatial dialogue expressive of a shift between, on the one hand, local, organic spaces of place and identity and, on the other, centrifugal spaces and non‐places of transit, which, since the 1960s and with the expansion of regional and national motorway networks, have shaped much of Liverpool’s contemporary urban fabric.     

交通基础设施投资的地区结构优化模型

交通基础设施投资对推动区域经济增长,缩小地区发展差距有着重要的作用。本文对交通基础设施投资在地区之间的分配问题进行了研究。在综合考虑投资效率和地区公平分配的基础上,运用宏观经济学经济增长相关理论与方法,提出考虑公平约束的多阶段交通基础设施投资的地区结构优化模型,并以京津冀地区为例进行了实证研究。结果表明,是否考虑公平约束对交通基础设施投资地区结构有明显的影响。本模型为决策者提供了一种优化交通基础设施投资在地区间分配的定量方法,能够兼顾投资的效率与公平,从而促进各地区经济的协调发展。     

论低碳交通发展的伦理路径

低碳交通是低碳经济的重要组成部分,它以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基本特征,通过交通发展理念创新、技术创新、组织创新和发展模式创新等方法提升交通工具能效,优化交通运输结构,最终实现交通运输领域的可持续发展。低碳交通蕴合资源节约、环境友好、节俭节制、责任创新的伦理价值。深化“两型”交通发展理念,建立健全道德法律制度,强化公民的道德责任,倡导节制的生活方式和绿色的出行方式,是我国低碳交通发展的伦理路径。