《合同法》与《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》违约责任的几点比较

本文试将我国的《合同法》与《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》中有关违约责任部分的规定作适当的比较研究,深入理解和掌握其异同,对搞好我国进出口贸易,减少和避免纠纷,处理索赔和诉讼案件,更加顺利地与国际市场接轨具有极其重要的现实意义。     

信任、承诺、关系行为与关系绩效:买方的视角

本研究通过抽样调查验证了买方对于卖方的信任和承诺对于买方行为的影响及其对买方的绩效含义。研究结果显示,买方对卖方的信任和承诺会影响买方在双方商业关系中的行为,这些行为对于买方的绩效具有积极意义。然而,信任和承诺对关系行为的影响存在不同。与假设相反,买方对卖方的信任提高了买方正式控制机制的使用,而买方对卖方的承诺则降低了买方的默许行为,这些效应有助于买方绩效。     

The Companies We Keep: Effects of Relational Embeddedness on Organizational Performance1

Building on first‐hand qualitative and quantitative data collected from computer motherboard manufacturers, this research proposes a contingency argument for the effects of relational embeddedness on organizational performance. Results show that the effects of embeddedness vary depending on the specific dimension of embeddedness, organizational age, performance measures, and the type of supplier relations, and that the concept is far more complex than previous literature suggests. Two main conclusions are that a closer supplier relationship improves both organizational growth rate and production quality for younger organizations, while in chipset supplier relations, a highly committed supplier worsens production quality more for younger firms.     

Dynamic network analysis of contact diaries

Analyzing two-mode networks linking actors to events they attend may help to uncover the structure and evolution of social networks. This classic social network insight is particularly valuable in the analysis of data extracted from contact diaries where contact events produce — and at the same time are the product of relations among participants. Contact events may comprise any number of actors meeting at a specific point in time. In this paper we recall the correspondence between two-mode actor–event networks and hypergraphs, and propose relational hyperevent models (RHEM) as a general modeling framework for networks of time-stamped multi-actor events in which the diarist (“ego”) simultaneously meets several of her alters. RHEM can estimate event intensities associated with each possible subset of actors that may jointly participate in events, and test network effects that may be of theoretical or empirical interest. Examples of such effects include preferential attachment, prior shared activity (familiarity), closure, and covariate effects explaining the propensity of actors to co-attend events. Statistical tests of these effects can uncover processes that govern the formation and evolution of informal groups among the diarist’s alters. We illustrate the empirical value of RHEM using data comprising almost 2000 meeting events of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with her cabinet ministers, transcribed from contact diaries covering her first term in office (1979–1983).     

浅谈leave的述谓结构系统

本文通过对谓词leave在语符模式物质域内方位、领属和性状系统内的述谓结构和体现关系的分析与概括,建立一个可操作的语符关系网络,从而证明语符关系网络是描述述谓结构的有力工具,它可以描述生成言语和理解言语共享的机制,并模拟机制的具体操作过程.     

Organizational identification as a mediator for the effects of psychological contract breaches on organizational citizenship behavior: Insights from the perspective of ethnic minority employees

This study examines the contribution of the psychological contract (PC) framework to the understanding of ethnic minority employees’ employment relationships. First, it tests the generalizability of PC types (transactional, relational, and balanced) observed in the general population to ethnic minority employees. Then, to further address the unique needs and motivators of minority employees, this study considers diversity-related PCs. It adopts social exchange theory to explain how transactional, relational, balanced, and diversity-related PC breaches predict organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Moreover, it draws insights from social identity theory and examines the mediating role of organizational identification in the relationship between types of PC breach and OCB. Data from 361 Turkish employees working as ethnic minorities in Belgium indicate that relational and diversity-related PC breaches predict OCB partially via organizational identification while transactional and balanced PC breaches directly affect OCB.     

Mediating role of mentoring functions on linking personality and occupational commitment in Indian organizations

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the mediating effect of mentoring on the relationship between the Five Factor Model (FFM) Personality traits and occupational commitment (OC). The study used cross-sectional survey-based research design. Data were collected from 362 managers of public and private sector organizations located in North India. The results indicated that psychosocial mentoring acts as a partial mediator for facilitating the linkage between all the FFM traits and OC. Contrary to this, career mentoring was found to partially mediate the link between only conscientiousness-OC, agreeableness-OC and emotional stability-OC. No mediating effect of career mentoring was found for personality factors of openness and extraversion. HRD practitioners are encouraged to implement train-for-trainers’ sessions for raising awareness among senior managers/mentors about the importance of psychosocial mentoring functions. This study is unique, because it is among the few to appropriately capture the mediating role of mentoring functions vis a vis the personality and OC relationship. Further, it also enriches the existing body of research on workplace mentoring and careers, especially in the South-Asian context.     

信贷环境与类型差异情景下的PPP项目政府经济承诺决策

为破解政府在PPP项目中存在的"承诺不足"与"承诺过度"决策难题,基于项目类型和信贷环境差异构建四种决策情景,融合优化决策与实物期权理论构建政府经济承诺决策模型,通过Kuhn-Tucker条件分析模型解的条件与边界并设计计算机求解算法,以W市城东污水处理项目为例进行数值模拟探讨政府经济承诺决策规律。结果表明:情景差异将会影响政府经济承诺决策;政府经济承诺可以提升项目价值,但较高的经济承诺未必导致较高的承诺成本;政府应对收益波动型项目给予更低的经济承诺,应在信贷收紧时给予更高的经济承诺,反之亦然;政府可以通过转移收益分配权和增加投资额来降低经济承诺,且不同情景效果具有差异。本文系统刻画了信贷环境与类型差异对经济承诺决策的影响,对于明晰经济承诺的决策成本及其后果、控制PPP项目金融风险、优化我国政府经济承诺决策等具有积极价值。     

渠道中不同机会主义的管理:合同的双维度与关系规范的作用研究

本文将机会主义区分为积极的和消极的,将合同细分成包容性和约束力两维度,研究合同的双维度与关系规范在治理不同渠道机会主义时各自及其交互的作用。实证研究表明:①合同的包容性会同时增加渠道成员积极和消极机会主义;合同的约束力会减少渠道成员的积极机会主义;②关系规范可降低积极和消极机会主义;③关系规范可强化合同的约束力在降低积极机会主义、弱化合同的包容性在增加消极机会主义方面的作用,但在弱化合同的包容性增加积极机会主义方面并无显著效果。本文对于机会主义表现形式、治理机制设计及效力的实证研究有突出的理论启示,也为企业诊断具体的渠道机会主义、设计适宜的治理机制提供了指导性建议。     

关系型家庭:城市中老年家庭的生活特征与个体化悖论

在个体崛起与社会风险并存的外部环境中,家庭生活的价值观念呈现多元化的特征,这一多元化的价值观念深嵌在家庭文化内涵中。 在中老年家庭的日常生活中,伦理性价值是维系家庭稳定的基本要素,情感性价值是家庭成员的生活体验,工具性价值是协调个人、家庭与社会三者之间关系的平衡器,这一以家庭的伦理性价值为核心并协调个人与家庭以及个人与社会之间权变关系的家庭生活方式可以称为“关系型家庭”。 与西方家庭的个体化相比,中国家庭生活变迁既呈现人口学意义上明显的个体化趋势,又突出伦理价值、情感性价值以及工具性价值在家庭中的重要功能,这是中国家庭生活变迁的独特内涵。