基于“柠檬”理论的在线信誉反馈系统有效性研究

信任问题是困扰在线拍卖市场发展的瓶颈之一.在线信誉反馈系统在消除信息不对称性,解决在线拍卖市场逆向选择问题中发挥着重要的作用.首先分析在线拍卖市场中逆向选择问题产生的原因,而后基于"柠檬"理论,从更换交易对手的重复博弈角度分析在线信誉反馈系统中信誉运行模型,对在线拍卖市场的信誉运行机理进行分析.研究指出在线信誉反馈系统能激励卖家诚信交易,一定程度上降低逆向选择问题,为我国在线拍卖网站和网络卖家更好地实施网络声誉战略提供一个思路.     

权利形态转化问题探究

权利状况是一个国家法治化程度的重要指标,在由道德权利、法律权利和实有权利三者组成的权利形态体系中,位居金字塔顶部的实有权利更有实际意义和现实价值,因此如何实现权利形态正向转化最终达到实有权利便成了权利转化追求的目标,而权利形态逆向转化也是权利转化中的普遍现象,社会的物质因素和观念因素、权利设定的主体因素以及权利的政策性倾向因素等共同决定权利形态最终所处的实际状态。     

考虑广告主信誉和用户体验的GSP机制研究

目前,竞标在线广告位是广大广告主宣传其产品的重要途径之一,在线广告位的拍卖已成为搜索引擎企业最主要的盈利手段之一。在国内,广告位拍卖机制的逐利本质诱发了大量的虚假广告,引发了公众的广泛争议;拥有高报价的广告主并不总是带给搜索引擎用户好的用户体验,这些问题已成为搜索引擎亟需解决的重要问题。本文提出了一种既考虑广告主信誉又考虑用户体验的可信有效竞价广告位拍卖机制,定义了在该机制下的对称纳什均衡,给出了广告主的均衡竞价策略,证明了在该均衡下的配置是有效率的。通过与单纯竞价GSP拍卖机制进行比较,我们发现用户的满意度得到了提高,这增加了搜索引擎的竞争优势。此外,本文的拍卖机制不仅有利于促进广告主提高信誉,在提高搜索引擎的长期均衡收益和拍卖效率方面也有一定的优势。通过数值模拟验证了我们的结论。     

A review of the effectiveness of empowering leadership

Based on a review of empirical literature on empowering leadership, given incongruent and mixed results, the current work suggests reconsidering the effectiveness of empowering leadership. We propose a framework for examining the effectiveness of empowering leadership that considers: 1) feasibility of non-linear main effects of empowering leadership on work-related outcomes, 2) possibility of reverse causation between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, 3) potential contradictory mediating mechanisms through which empowering leadership influences work-related outcomes, 4) consideration of boundary conditions which could alter the relationships between empowering leadership and work-related outcomes, and 5) consideration of levels-of-analysis and multilevel issues in empowering leadership. Our framework considers the multifaceted nature of empowering leadership and offers a guiding tool for advancing future research in this area.     

Anchoring effects in an experimental auction – Are farmers anchored?

Auctioning goods is a widespread practice, particularly in the agricultural sector. The outcome of auctions can be affected by various factors. One of these factors can be anchoring effects, which describe the influence of present available information on numerical values in human decisions. However, the influence of anchoring effects in auctions carried out offline – that is, live events that are not taking place on the internet – is largely unknown. For this reason, we analyze anchoring effects of exogenously provided values using an experimental common value auction with entrepreneurs. In total, 48 groups each made of five farmers participate in a series of four auctions for envelopes containing a €10 banknote with a 50% probability of occurrence. Our results indicate that anchoring based on exogenously presented values can either result in negative adjustment in open bid auctions, or no adjustment in closed-seal bid auctions. Furthermore, the results show that previous bids affect following bids, which may also be an anchoring effect.     

驰利予民:宋元时期洞庭湖区水面与沙洲的经营理念

宋代国家力量还没有致力于洞庭湖的开发,湖洲之利往往被少数人群以“扑买”等方式获得,这种与小民争利的方式引起不少争议.元代曾设立宣课提举司以括山泽之赋,但也因为“扰民”而被裁撤.岳州儒学在争夺湖洲的过程中逐渐取得优势在于：一方面,与元代中后期医学地位下降而儒学势力上升有关;另一方面,也因为儒学并未排他性地占有湖洲而能够维护小民的利益.在洞庭湖的开发过程中,经济利益促使湖面的产权不断被界定.国家既要驰“山泽之利”予小民,又往往通过“官有”的方式来禁止豪民独占湖洲.     

An integrated closed-loop product lifecycle management approach for reverse logistics design

Nowadays, reverse logistics is gaining importance for many companies in different industries. This importance is rooted in the fact that it generates profit and decreases the environmental impacts of products. Even though the decrease of environmental impacts is an indispensable requisite, reverse logistics design is only driven by cost indicators. The main reason behind this high cost is access to environmental information is difficult and is directly linked to data all along the lifecycle of the product. This paper presents a method by which reverse logistics design integrates environmental impacts based on the management of closed-loop product lifecycle. This method is divided into two processes: from beginning of life to end of life and from end of life to beginning of life. The first process integrates product data in order to calculate environmental impacts of the potential reverse logistics networks, whereas the second process selects the most appropriate reverse logistics network before optimising the product based on this particular network. The proposition is illustrated by a case study on a recycled aluminium automotive part.     

未来在我国农村实行住房倒按揭存在的障碍及应对之策

未来在我国农村实行倒按揭有利于形成父子间的新型＂代际关系＂,有利于维护社会的稳定,有利于拉动国民经济的增长,但现时期在我国农村实施住房倒按揭,受到伦理困局,银行积极性不高,倒按揭运作的经济法律制度不规范等中国国情的阻碍。为了使倒按揭业务在我国农村顺利开展,应采取以下主要措施：政府应加大对倒按揭业务的宣传和鼓励,培养新型的养老观念;政府在相关领域进行制度创新;先进行试点后逐步推广,倒按揭业务应有专门机构来运作;建立健全倒按揭的相关法律制度等。     

规避我国土地拍卖中小团体合谋行为的博弈分析

我国现行土地拍卖大多采用英国式拍卖方法，但英国式拍卖容易滋生小团体共谋行为，致使国有资产流失，资源不能合理配置。本文列举了小团体共谋行为的两种主要形式，并利用博弈的分析方法对各种不同的拍卖方式中串谋形成的机率进行了详尽的比较分析，最终得出结论——荷兰式拍卖以及密封式拍卖可以有效地规避小团体串谋行为的发生，并计算出竞拍者的最优出价方式。     

Some Statistical Methods in Assessing Linear Relational Agreement: An Empirical Comparative Study

Although multiple indices were introduced in the area of agreement measurements, the only documented index for linear relational agreement, which is for interval scale data, is the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Despite its meaningfulness, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient does not convey the practical information such as what proportion of observations is within a certain boundary of the target value. To address this need, based on the inverse regression, we proposed the adjusted mean squared deviation (AMSD), adjusted coverage probability (ACP), and adjusted total deviation index (ATDI) for the measurement of the relational agreement. They can serve as reasonable and practically meaningful measurements for relational agreement. Real life data are considered to illustrate the performance of the methods.