论社会风险应对中财政责任的限度

风险社会中,社会成员难以应对所有的社会风险,因此,政府需要承担一定的财政资金给付责任。政府参与社会风险应对的财政责任来源于社会公民权的行使,其法律属性是法定的保护义务,是社会基本权这一积极权利实现的保障。然而,如果应对社会风险的财政责任没有限度,就可能引发财政风险、甚至财政危机,同时也构成对国民财产权的过度侵害。基于均衡保护国民财产权与社会基本权的制度理念,财政责任必须以使公民享有免予匮乏的自由为限度。     

新型农村合作医疗的疾病风险分担能力研究 ——基于9省调研的实证分析

 基于9省调研,本文对目前新型农村合作医疗对农户疾病风险的分担能力及目标约束下的筹资规模方法进行了实证与比较分析。研究显示,农村居民中疾病风险分布的差异性较大;不同补偿方案下,新型农村合作医疗对农户疾病经济风险的分担能力差异较大;新型农村合作医疗制度目标的实现程度决定了筹资规模的大小。     

商业银行信贷风险的多因素多层次模糊综合评价

本文在对目前影响商业银行信贷风险的主要统计指标进行分析的基础上,提出了商业银行信贷风险的综合评价指标体系,建立了商业银行信贷风险的多因素多层次模糊综合评价模型,并给出了应用实例,实现了对商业银行信贷风险的科学评价与判断.     

竞争风险下我国住房抵押贷款风险的实证研究

 本文利用我国住房抵押贷款持续期数据,对贷款终止的提前还款和违约这两种情形展开研究,估计了竞争风险下Cox比例危险模型,刻画我国住房抵押贷款的两类风险概率随协变量变化的时间效应。对竞争风险下的Cox比例危险模型,本文计算了相应的Cox-Snell残差和Deviance残差用于模型的拟合检验,检验表明本文估计的竞争风险模型用于抵押贷款持续期数据的分析是合适的。本文进一步讨论了基于持续期的贷款终止风险研究在银行抵押贷款证券化和信贷风险管理中的意义。     

2005年广东省上市公司综合财务绩效与风险分析

根据上市公司2005年年度财务报表数据,从总体盈利能力、总体增长能力、总体偿债能力、总体投资回报能力等方面,对广东省上市公司财务绩效进行分析评价。     

Adaptation and Coping in Childhood and Adolescence for those at Risk for Depression in Emerging Adulthood

Emerging adulthood is a time of great possibility and of considerable risk. This qualitative study explored the adaptation and coping strategies used over time by twenty-five emerging adults. Respondents were selected from a longitudinal community study cohort of 26-year-olds and had experienced adversity in early life. Participants mentioned using a variety of strategies, such as active evasion, seeking support, and “letting go,” in order to cope with difficulties. These strategies varied by context and according to respondents’ developmental level at the time of the adversity. Flexibility in understanding life circumstances and in choosing coping strategies to deal with specific adversities was noted as beneficial through childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood.     

Perceived risk associated with apparel purchasing in discount stores

Consumer discount store patronage preferences for apparel are investigated using the concept of perceived risk. Apparel items are assigned a type and level of risk: low social, low economic; high social, low economic; and high social, high economic. Females (N=222) responding to a mail survey rate their willingness to purchase each item in a discount store on a scale ofprefer to buy, may buy, ornever buy. Results suggest that consumer preference for purchasing in discount stores declines more sharply when economic risk increases than when social risk increases.Teresa A. Summers is Associate Professor of the School of Human Ecology, Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. She received her Ph.D. from Texas Woman's University. Her research interest includes rural/urban consumer responses to changes in the marketplace.Frances C. Lawrence is Professor of the School of Human Ecology, Family, Child, and Consumer Sciences at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. She received her Ph.D. from Florida State University. Her research interests include family financial decision-making and family time use.Janice L. Haynes is Assistant Professor of the School of Human Ecology, Textiles, Apparel Design and Merchandising at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. She received her Ph.D. from Texas Woman's University. Her research interest includes retail patronage of specialized consumer market segments.Patricia J. Wozniak is Associate Professor of the Department of Experimental Statistics at Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Her research interests include survey methodology and rural families.     

Testosterone metabolism,dose–response relationships and receptor polymorphisms: selected pharmacological/toxicological considerations on benefits versus risks of testosterone therapy in men

In this review selected toxicological problems related to testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men are discussed. Applying ‘classical’ pharmacological/toxicological findings (e.g. animal studies on short- and long-term toxicity) to clinical situations is not very helpful. Molecular biological knowledge and especially evaluation of epidemiological studies, as well as intervention studies, on testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men are more useful. Potential risks include overdosage for lifestyle reasons, e.g. excessive muscle building and reduction of visceral obesity, when erythrocytosis occurs concomitantly. Modern galenic formulations of testosterone administration (e.g. transdermal gel, suitable testosterone esters for intramuscular application and newer oral preparations) avoid supraphysiological serum concentrations, therefore significantly reducing the toxicological risk. A hypothetical model of the toxicological risks of testosterone therapy is given that is based on the influence of testosterone metabolism (aromatization vs. reduction) of the respective parameter/target chosen. Finally, the great influence of polymorphisms of the androgen receptor on the assessment of toxicological risk and on the individualization of androgen therapy is shown. Already existing national, continental and international guidelines or recommendations for the testosterone therapy should be harmonized.     

Estimates of Own Lethal Risks and Anchoring Effects

The paper reports on an experiment testing whether agents perceive correctly the lethal risks they face personally. The results suggest that subjects exhibit comparable biases when making predictions for their own-age-cohort, or for the entire population (i.e. agents overestimate rare risks, and underestimate common risks). The hypothesis that agents have better knowledge of their own risks, however, cannot be dismissed entirely, as responses in the own-age-cohort survey are more homogenous and better ordered. Finally, it is shown that administering surveys in succession can generate anchoring effects, which may explain why our conclusions differ markedly from a previous study. JEL Classification D8 ⋅ C9