角色理论：一个亟待拓展的哲学空间

角色理论是一个丰富的哲学概念群,是个亟待拓展的哲学空间,开发角色理论的方法论功能,应当是哲学的使命。角色理论蕴含着重要的社会规范意义和丰富的方法论意义。增强人们的角色意识,有利于规范人们的社会行为,促进健康的社会氛围的培育和发展;丰富的中国特色社会主义实践,亟需用具有时代特征的历史唯物主义概念和语言来描述和解读,角色理论所倡导的一系列概念应当能够有所贡献。     

Effects of various types of change in shift schedules: A controlled longitudinal study

Abstract

Data from a longitudinal study accompanying changes in shift rotas connected with a shortening of working time in the chemical industry are presented. Altogether 260 subjects forming five experimental groups participated in both the pretest and the posttest. The effects of the change in shift schedules were controlled by the inclusion of five groups in which 139 subjects participated in both tests. Five types of change in shift schedule were investigated. The purpose was to determine to what extent similar, but in some aspects differing, types of change in shift schedule varied from one another in their effects on those involved, and on which factors their attitudes towards the new shift systems depended with regard to various types of schedule change. The effects of a change in shift schedule were tested by means of the 4-group investigation design developed by Solomon (1949). The results confirm that differences in the effects of new shift systems depend on the type of change. Only in three experimental groups were improvements in health and social life observed. One experimental group showed significant signs of deterioration in subjective health. In the analyses of the factors influencing the attitude of the shiftworkers towards the new shift system, differences in the structure of the influencing factors between the experimental groups were observed. The causal analysis was used in order to test how important the factors found in each group were and which of them were dominant. It showed that the most influential factors dominated so much that the disturbances in the less influential ones lost their importance. In spite of the number of indicators analysed regarding their influence on attitude in this study, further important factors seem to exist that have not been analysed here.     

Knowledge transfer of the Western concept of quality

This paper addresses one of the issues in contemporary globalization theory: the extent to which there is 'one best way' in which business can be conducted and organizations managed. It uses Czarniawska's 'travels of ideas' model as an organizing framework to present and understand how the concept of 'quality', so important in contemporary approaches to manufacturing and services, and their management, travelled to, and impinged on, a newly opened vehicle assembly plant in Poland. The extent to which new meanings were mutually created in the process of translation is discussed, using ethnographic reporting and analysis techniques commonly used in diffusion research. Parallels between the process of translation as an idea becomes embedded into a new cultural location and the processes which contemporary research has identified as important to organizational learning are briefly discussed in conclusion.     

类推在原型范畴认知理论中的作用

文章从认知语言学中的原型范畴理论观察了类推在其中的作用和地位，结论是，类推在范畴原型认知中起了催化剂的作用。     

Systems innovation manager

Each year organizations spend a significant amount of money developing new products and processes in an effort to satisfy customer demands and manufacture high-quality products efficiently. Both development processes - product and process, are complex, resource intensive and thrive on innovation. They demand a variety of skills and resources, but in particular, participation among all staff in generating ideas, managing projects and implementing change. There are currently a number of software tools and methods that facilitate change in a systems environment. These range from complex modelling tools to information management tools. The tools have been developed around paradigms, e.g. world class manufacturing, total quality management and business process reengineering. They are often complex, requiring the efforts of skilled designers and managers. Current thinking within a systems environment reflects a more participative and less specialist approach to managing innovation and change. There is a need to create compromise between detailed project engineering and good management practice. This paper introduces a new paradigm centred on good management practice, and identifies the critical issues in systems innovation and change. The paradigm is articulated through a series of change levers and a methodology that guides managers and designers. It is supported by a series of software tools that together bring innovation management to life within the industrial organization.     

A semiparametric maximum likelihood ratio test for the change point in copula models

In the present paper, a semiparametric maximum-likelihood-type test statistic is proposed and proved to have the same limit null distribution as the classical parametric likelihood one. Under some mild conditions, the limiting law of the proposed test statistic, suitably normalized and centralized, is shown to be double exponential, under the null hypothesis of no change in the parameter of copula models. We also discuss the Gaussian-type approximations for the semiparametric likelihood ratio. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed statistic under specified alternatives is shown to be normal, and an approximation to the power function is given. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed statistical tests based on the double exponential and Gaussian-type approximations.     

战略变革中的企业文化研究

由于企业所处的外部环境的不确定性、不连续性和难以预测性的增加 ,西方管理学界对企业战略变革的关注与日俱增。本文主要从企业战略与企业文化的关系入手 ,通过分析企业当前面临的战略变革环境 ,提出在企业战略变革中 ,企业文化应扮演的角色 ,以及如何使战略变革在组织文化中产生根深蒂固的影响。     

Out of the shadows?: Grandfatherhood,age and masculinities

Recent years have witnessed an increasing recognition of the role of grandparents in contemporary families. However, there has been little if any research which emphasises the roles and relationships of grandfathers. And while the more limited contribution of grandfathers compared to grandmothers remains a widespread perception, recent studies suggest that the importance of grandfatherhood for men has been considerably underestimated. Through reviewing the place of grandfathers within grandparenthood research, the article argues that understandings of grandfathers in terms of gender difference can be seen to reflect a feminised conception of grandparenting derived from the experience of grandmothers. The article then builds on this review by exploring how intersections of age identity and masculinity may influence the different ways in which grandfatherhood is understood and enacted.     

谈《人物龙凤图》帛画的艺术表现

在晓周的绘画中,出土的《人物龙凤图》最引人注目,本文以帛画的艺术表现为切入点,从其组织结构和语言艺术的角度分析了此画能够影响世风的原因.     

论旅游者的心理需求及服务策略

尽管旅游者构成具有多样性与复杂性的特点,但是通过分析旅游者的心理需求,可以看出旅游者主要想通过旅游获得比日常生活更多的享受、尊重与自由.本文以旅游者的心理需求为切入点,结合旅游服务的特殊性,着重阐述了旅游从业人员如何做好心理服务的基本策略.