Can oil-led growth and structural change go hand in hand in Ghana?

Unlike in Asia, the manufacturing sector has not (yet) become a driver of structural change in Africa. One common explanation is that the natural resource-focus of many African economies leads to Dutch disease effects. To test this argument for the case of newly found oil in Ghana we develop a multi-sector intertemporal general equilibrium model with endogenous savings and investment behavior. Results show that in addition to the well-known short-term Dutch disease effects, long-term structural effects can indeed impede Asian-style economic transformation in Ghana (and other resource rich countries). We also demonstrate how oil wealth may go hand in hand with structural change in the future.     

铁路员工心理健康状况的横断历史研究：1988-2009

使用1988-2009年21年间的22组数据,以横断历史研究的元分析方法,研究了7 824位铁路员工的心理健康状况随年代的变化趋势。这些数据都使用了90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）作为心理健康的考察工具。结果发现：（1）铁路员工的心理健康水平在21年间总体平稳。（2）铁路员工心理健康状况低于全国平均水平。（3）机车司机和列车员是铁路员工中心理健康水平较低的群体。（4）男性铁路工作人员的心理健康水平低于女性。最后,集中讨论了影响铁路员工心理健康的因素,并提出了建立铁路员工帮助计划的设想。     

人文视野中的绿色沉思--关于20世纪90年代小说的一种点评视角

20世纪 90年代文化语境的特征之一是人文价值的滑坡 ,精神困境迫使作家重新审视人与自然的本质关系。这一时期的乡土题材小说着力拓展乡土文明的现代审美意义 ;而富有开拓性的荒野题材小说则努力走出“人类中心主义”的立场 ,站在更宏广的审美视野中体察人类的生存状态     

大学生心理健康状况的调查分析

通过对 3 2 5名不同年级大学生进行SCL—90测试 ,发现有 1 6.6%的大学生存在各种明显的心理健康问题。这些心理健康问题主要表现在强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、偏执、精神病性。女生的恐怖因子均分显著地高于男生。因此高校应有针对性地开展心理健康教育。     

COMMON COMPONENTS OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY ATTITUDES ACROSS CONTEXTS AND DOMAINS: EVIDENCE FROM 30 COUNTRIES

Attitudes towards risk and uncertainty have been indicated to be highly context‐dependent, and to be sensitive to the measurement technique employed. We present data collected in controlled experiments with 2,939 subjects in 30 countries measuring risk and uncertainty attitudes through incentivized measures as well as survey questions. Our data show clearly that measures correlate not only within decision contexts or measurement methods, but also across contexts and methods. This points to the existence of one underlying “risk preference”, which influences attitudes independently of the measurement method or choice domain. We furthermore find that answers to a general and a financial survey question correlate with incentivized lottery choices in most countries. Incentivized and survey measures also correlate significantly between countries. This opens the possibility to conduct cultural comparisons on risk attitudes using survey instruments.     

“90后”青年学生共同理想信念状况研究

基于对南京主要高校的抽样调查后发现,"90后"青年学生能充分肯定理想信念的重要意义,但缺乏身体力行的毅力和信心,知行不一;具有理性的政治情感和态度,但个人信仰渐趋多元,共同理想信念淡化;社会责任意识较强,但人生理想选择趋于务实和功利,忽视社会理想追求。这些情况的出现,是当前社会环境变化、现行高校教育体制以及"90后"青年学生自身特点等因素共同影响的结果。造成这些结果的原因在于:经济发展与道德发展的失衡,多元文化冲突下的价值选择困惑,现行高校教育体制的片面发展,"90后"青年学生自身因素等。要改变这些现象,应从培育和践行社会主义核心价值观,树立青年学生文化自信,追求工具理性与价值理性的统一,完善高校理想信念教育,加强"中国梦"宣传教育等方面入手,引导他们树立并坚定共同理想信念。     

Modified proportional hazard rates and proportional reversed hazard rates models via Marshall–Olkin distribution and some stochastic comparisons

Adding parameters to a known distribution is a useful way of constructing flexible families of distributions. Marshall and Olkin (1997) introduced a general method of adding a shape parameter to a family of distributions. In this paper, based on the Marshall–Olkin extension of a specified distribution, we introduce two new models, referred to as modified proportional hazard rates (MPHR) and modified proportional reversed hazard rates (MPRHR) models, which include as special cases the well-known proportional hazard rates and proportional reversed hazard rates models, respectively. Next, when two sets of random variables follow either the MPHR or the MPRHR model, we establish some stochastic comparisons between the corresponding order statistics based on majorization theory. The results established here extend some well-known results in the literature.     

Leadership with Imperfect Monitoring

This paper provides experimental evidence on how monitoring intensity shapes the impact of leadership instruments like leading-by-example and punishment. The results show that, with low monitoring intensity, neither leading-by-example nor punishment increases cooperation if the leader can already send nonbinding signals about desired behavior. We identify two different reasons for this effect. Regarding leading-by-example, it is the cautiousness of the leader. Leaders are reluctant to recommend cooperative behavior and act accordingly, even though followers are particularly reciprocal in this context. Regarding punishment, it is the level of monitoring that matters. Monitoring of individual follower behavior increases the cooperation of leaders and followers across all treatments, but in particular, if the leader can punish uncooperative behavior. This result implies that monitoring in itself does not have a negative impact on the inclination to cooperate. It suggests that any motivational crowding out effect derives from a leader’s choice of monitoring, as it signals low trust in the followers. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications.