稳定物价、保障民生工作仍需高度重视——上海主副食品涨价影响调查分析

在世界经济复苏乏力、成本推动型通胀预期强化的大背景下,如何继续保持物价稳定,为结构调整和民生改善提供必要支撑,是上海转型发展过程中的重要议题。通过问卷调查发现,居民普遍感到2011年主副食品涨价幅度较大,给生活带来明显压力,同时对食品安全问题还有顾虑。政府稳定物价的各项政策措施也有待完善和巩固。鉴于此,本文提出进一步稳定物价的多项政策建议。     

SMS与CBA的结合——对新古典环境价值评估方法的修正

新古典价值评估方法CBA(费用效益分析)在环境价值评估中的应用,由于其自身的缺限,严重掩盖和低估了主要的环境生态问题。从可持续发展的角度看,与SMS(最低安全标准)分析相结合的CBA方法是一种更具约束性的价值评估方法。     

增设食品质量与安全本科专业的必要性

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的最基本的物质条件,饮食水平是衡量一个国家文明程度和国民生活水平的重要标志.食品质量与安全状况直接关系到人民的身体健康和生命安全,影响民族的发达和进步,影响社会的稳定和发展.食品质量与安全是世人关注的焦点,增设食品质量与安全本科专业,加强食品质量与安全本科教育,培养大批懂技术、会管理的食品质量与安全专业技术人才,迫在眉睫、时不我待.     

安全工程专业人才培养的理念探讨

安全工程专业人才的培养,系统安全的思想是灵魂。必须在培养方案、教材、教学过程、安全实践等各个环节融入系统安全的思想。系统安全的思想体系主要由三个方面构成:安全是相对的思想、安全伴随着系统生命周期的思想、系统中的危险源是事故根源的思想。大学生系统安全思想的形成是一项复杂的系统教育、培养工作,在学校的教学过程中形成,在社会安全实践中完善与提升。大学生要在安全实践中树立正确的自我表象、确立正确的选题原则、完成实践到理论的升华。安全工程专业人才培养的实践过程还许多问题需要解决,如安全实践的方式、大学生自我倾向、社会的支持与关心等。     

Organizational factors affecting the incident reporting of train drivers

The under-reporting of accidents and incidents is well established as a substantial problem across industries; however, few studies have specifically examined employees' reasons for failing to report. This study investigates the factors affecting incident reporting by train drivers (n = 128) in three different areas of British Rail (the company that operated the railway network in Britain, prior to its privatization in 1994). Drivers completed a questionnaire rating their likelihood of reporting a number of hazardous incidents and giving their reasons for not reporting them. Intention not to report incidents was predicted by 'managers take no notice' of reports and the interaction between 'just part of the day's work' and 'nothing would get done'. It is concluded that incident reporting is most influenced by the way that drivers perceive managers' reactions to reports. In addition, the three areas differed significantly in their likelihood of reporting incidents, suggesting that the local subculture has an important influence on intentions to report, with negative perceptions of managers' attitudes suppressing the reporting of incidents.     

激光照排系统运行技术初探

根据多年从事激光照排系统维护工作的经验,对该系统运行中出现的技术问题进行了分析探讨,并给出了处理问题的具体办法和措施。     

The Local Politics of Inclusion: The State and Community Safety

While the tendency for low-income groups to become economically marginalized may be a structural feature of the globalizing, post-Fordist economy, the degree to which they are allowed to become socially excluded is arguably a political issue. In many of the polities of the Western world, debate has focused not only on whether the State could or should intervene economically to ameliorate the causes of the "new poverty" but also on how the State should address the increasing rates of "social dislocation"—including youth crime, interpersonal violence, and drug misuse—which have been associated with its emergence. The postware welfare settlement produced a particular institutional nexus of welfare, justice, punishment and citizenship (Hay 1996; Garland 1985); yet the pressure of increasing social dislocation has also placed great strain on the institutions of the welfare state, particularly at the local level, notwithstanding the ideological commitment of differing governments to continue with the social welfare project.
In this paper, we explore some circumstances in which the politics of the "local state" might mediate—in one way or another—the consequences of economic marginalization. In particular, we draw attention to the role which might be played by local state agencies—as intermediaries between the individual and the national State—in deploying policies which could offset the social exclusion of minorities and youth. By comparing the responses of local agencies to youth crime in two communities in Britain and France we highlight the "vertical" dimension of political relations which links marginalized communities with the wider resources of the State. And while many economies are experiencing similar social dislocations within disadvantaged communities, the vertical dimension may prove crucial in preserving the linkage between their residents and those of the wider, more privileged, society.     

Evaluation of the Quality of Safety and Risk Analysis in the Chemical Industry

Safety and risk analyses have often been criticized as incomplete and inaccurate. This criticism, however, lacks a sound basis, since there has been little scientific evaluation of the methods developed for safety and risk analysis. The aim of this paper is to present a proposal for establishing measures—reliability, validity, and coverage—to be used in the evaluation of the scientific quality of the hazard identification and accident modeling phases in safety and risk analysis. The paper also presents four main principles for the evaluation of the scientific quality, and a theoretical framework to be used in evaluation. The framework is illustrated with practical examples taken from the chemical industry.     

An analysis of safety culture attitudes in a highly regulated environment

Culture is a complex construct in organizations, consisting of attitudes, perceptions, values and beliefs, which must necessarily be set in context. Many authors imply that culture is organization-wide and common to all employees. In terms of safety culture, the organizational context may determine its salience and likelihood of affecting behaviour, especially in a highly regulated environment such as the nuclear industry. This study investigates the components of safety culture and how it varies in a highly-regulated nuclear power plant. A 60-item questionnaire measuring safety attitudes and values was administered anonymously to 1550 employees at two plants in the UK nuclear industry, with a 64.7% mean response rate. Principal components analyses revealed six factors conceptually common to shop floor and management (supervisor/manager/professional) groups for both plants, relating to: management style and communication; responsibility and commitment; risk-taking; job satisfaction; complacency; and risk awareness. A canonical discriminant analysis of the items suggested that the data could distinguish three employee groups. The implications of these findings and the proposal that there are two or more safety cultures in the organization is discussed.